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Socrates was an Athenian philosopher whose questions and beliefs ran counter to the contemporary political and social climate in Athens. Socrates tried to question the core beliefs that were prevalent in Greece at the time, and he urged others to do the same. One of the most intriguing mysteries he helped his students investigate was if willpower weakness - doing wrong when you know what's right really exists. -
Socrates was an Athenian philosopher whose questions and beliefs ran counter to the contemporary political and social climate in Athens. Socrates tried to question the core beliefs that were prevalent in Greece at the time. One of the most intriguing mysteries he helped his students investigate was if willpower weakness 'doing wrong when you know what's right really exists'. However he believed that people only make mistakes when the apparent benefits appear to outweigh the risks at the time. -
Aristotle's ethics is concerned with behaviors that are beneficial to man's benefit, not with activities that are right in and of themselves, regardless of other considerations. Aristotle sets out to determine what this good is, as well as the science that corresponds to it. Aristotle claimed that virtues are learned good practices that help us control our emotions. Aristotle went on to say that most virtues are found in the middle of a range of severe character qualities. -
According to Thomas Hobbes, humans are essentially selfish creatures who will do anything to strengthen their status. Hobbes believed that if individuals were left to their own devices, they would act on their bad impulses; hence, they could not be trusted to make decisions on their own. -
Deontology is derived from the Greek terms deon (obligation) and science (or study) of duty (logos). Deontology is a type of normative theory in contemporary moral philosophy that deals with which choices are ethically obligatory, banned, or permitted. In other words, deontology is a moral theory that guides and evaluates our decisions about what we should do. -
Though Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) gave the first systematic description of utilitarianism, the basic idea that motivated the theory came far earlier. That insight is that morally proper behavior would not injure others but will promote happiness or 'utility.' What makes utilitarianism unique is its approach to building an account of moral evaluation and moral direction that builds on that discovery. -
The word utilitarian comes from the Latin words utile bonum or utilis, which mean "useful" or "useful". The adage "Do whatever creates the greatest good for the greatest number" defines utilitarian ethics, which contends that the effects of an action, not the motive for the activity, determine its morality. The goodness or badness of an action is determined by its repercussions or consequences. An action is excellent if and when it produces positive effects. Otherwise, it's a disaster.