Timeline AP World 10th grade Mclean High School Mrs.Viets 6th period Fairfax County Virginia Schools (FCPS) Half of Table 5 - Commonwealth of Virginia, United States of America Davidson Road 1633 22101 B160 Unit 9 Globalized Culture Quarter 4 Project ARN
By Acmonsta
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1000
Peasants
laborer with little rights that would work for protection provided by knights owned by lords -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Jan 1, 1453
Silk Road
Trade network which went through China, Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, and parts of Russia. Technology, trade goods, ideas, and religions spread from Asia to Europe and back. -
Period: 1050 to 1300
Seljuk Empire
Turkic empire ruled by sultans in Persia and modern day Iraq. Helped spread Islam in the middle east, Persia, and West India. -
Period: Jan 1, 1095 to Jan 1, 1291
Crusades
4 military incursions by Christian Europe in an attempt to retake the holy lands in the middle east. First crusades succeeded in taking back Israel before Saladin took it back for the Muslim kingdoms. -
1100
Timbuktu
Trading city in the kingdom of Mali founded in the early 1th century. Flourished with the trade of Gold, Silver, and Salt. -
Period: 1200 to 1356
Manorialism
Economic system wherein Lords owned land which peasants would work and produce food for all of those living on the manor. -
Period: 1200 to 1450
Diasporic Communities
Communities in the Indian ocean which consisted of traders from one ethnicity in a different country providing mutual -
Period: 1200 to 1450
Indian Ocena trade
Connected the Indian ocean. China, India, the Middle east, East Africa, and the Malaysian islands using monsoon winds traded spices and many other items -
Period: 1206 to 1368
Mongol Empire
Lead by Genghis Khan the Mongol empire would rapidly expand from China, Siberia, Iran, India, and central Asia -
Period: 1375 to
Songhai Empire
Another in a long line of powerful West African empires which controlled centers of tard between the slat and gold mines. -
1450
Unit 4: Technological innovations (lateen sail, compass, caravel) 1450-1750
From 1450-1750 knowledge and inventions from the Asian world, such as the lateen sail and compass, spread making transoceanic connections possible and leading to European technological development. Among new understandings, such as wind and current patterns, also came the improvement of boat design such as the carvel. All of these crucial developments made transoceanic trade and travel possible and led to a new era of international connection. -
1451
Tax Farming
System of taxes used by the Ottomans to tax their enormous empire. Government hires private individuals to collect taxes for them. Quickly became corrupt as collectors skimmed off the top. -
1492
Unit 4: Voyages of Columbus
The Spanish sponsored voyages of Christopher Columbus from 1492-1504 were significant because of their effect on European view of the outside world. His journeys, and the journeys of following explorers, increased European interest in transoceanic travel and trade dramatically, opening the door for further exploration, international trade, and colonialism. -
1492
Unit 4: Columbian exchange
The Columbian exchange resulted from new connections between the East and West. This exchange of diseases, ideas, food. crops, and populations sparked by Columbus's voyage in 1492 had an irreversible effect on the globe. Diseases killed off unprepared population at a rapid rate but population were simultaneously sustained through the introduction of new foods. This exchange also led to the production of cash crops through coerced labor, which became popular in colonies ruled by powers. -
Period: 1501 to
Safavids Empire
Shi'ite Muslim empire in Persia from the 16th-18th century. Combined Persian, Turkic, and Muslim cultures. -
Oct 31, 1517
Protestant Reformation
Started by Martin Luther, the movement split the church in two (protestants and Catholics). The split would cause conflict in Europe including the 30 years war. -
Period: 1556 to
Mughal Empire
Muslim state in most of India from the 1300’s until it's total collapse at the hands of the British. Was a large influence in culture and religion in India -
Unit 4: Maroon wars
The maroon wars were a conflict that lasted from roughly 1728-1740. Self liberated Afrikaners led the resistance against colonial British authorities and established their own communities in the mountains. The resistance of these Jamaican Maroons was significant because it provided internal challenges for existing authorities in the Americas which would escalate and lead to a decrease in state power. -
Unit 4: British east India company
The British East India company was a Joint stock company that exercised imperialist control over Bengal in 1757. The company developed a monopoly over trade with Asia and shareholders were able to influence British policy in ruled areas. This company is significant because of its role in British imperialism in far East nations such as India, its expansionism that spurred many wars, and the European cultural and religious influence it spread in East Asia. -
Unit 5: USA revolt against GB
The American revolution or US war of independence took place from 1775-1883. During this revolution 13 American colonies were able to reject colonial rule and establish their own sovereignty which was significant due to the loss of a major power, Britain, and because it created the US which would soon grow to be its own influential superpower. -
Unit 5: reign of terror
The Reign of Terror took place during the French revolution from September, 1793, to July, 1794 when the revolutionary government attempted to bring stability by passing harsh punishments onto those perceived to be enemies of the revolution. Along with execution, this led to a movement of de-Christianization and a price control measure known as Marxism. This event had a significant impact on France as it destabilized the revolutionary government and exposed its unreasonable extent of violence. -
Unit 5: Social contract
The social contract was popularly used in the 17th to 18th century by philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jaquez Rousseau to justify political authority. This ideology described loss of autonomy to government as a voluntary obligation as organized government trumped untamed state of nature. The social contract was politically significant as it provided ground for argument either for justification of sovereign power, or to prevent the oppression of people under this power. -
Unit 5: Technology: steam engine; factory system; spinning jenny; interchangeable parts; assembly line
The industrial revolution, beginning in Great Britain, brought many technological advances with it. Products of the revolution included; the steam engine (1698), factory system (18th century), spinning jenny (1770), interchangeable parts (1803), and the assembly line (used by Henry Ford 1913). All of these advancements changed society as they fueled the industrial revolution and let society to transform into the city and business based world it is now while simultaneously improving efficiency. -
Unit 5: End of serfdom
The French revolution era brought an end to serfdom in the majority of central and western Europe. But, it continued to exist in the east, particularly in Russia, until 1861. The abolition of serfdom throughout Europe illustrates the resistance of peasants in the middle ages and the decline of nobility's standing. These changes to societal structure marked a key transition towards modern society. -
Unit 6: Ghost dance
Ghost Dance was a form of peaceful protest among western American Indians beginning around 1869. The Ghost dance was historically significant as a religious and cultural response to colonialism. Indigenous people hoped to restore the buffalo, ancestral culture, and religious beliefs as well as banish white people from their lands through this practice. -
Unit 6: Berlin conference
In 1884 leaders from fourteen European countries gathered, forming the Berlin conference. Here they discussed the partitioning of Africa and control of its resources. This conference had a lack of representatives from Africa and the country's mission was to bring Africa to “civilization” through trade and Christianity. The Berlin conference's lack of consideration for native people illustrates the strong imperialist views of supremacy that fueled nations from the 18th-20th -
Unit 6: Boer war
The Boer war was a war for independence fought between the two Afrikaner republics (the South African Republic and the Orange Free State) and Great Britain. Fighting lasted from October 11, 1899, to May 31, 1902 and was a wildly unfair war considering the organization, technology and men that British forces possessed. Battle was significant due to the use of rifles and machine guns giving advantage to the defensive, which would be seen later in WW1. -
Unit 6: Opium wars
The Opium wars were an example of conflict through economic imperialism and warfare that affected the Qing dynasty in the mid-19th century. The first war (1839-42) was fought between Britain and China and in the second (1856-60) France joined Britain. The foreign powers' victory and gain of commercial privileges in China began the age of unequal treaties. The Qing dynasties' loss weakened their sovereignty and led to the collapse of the dynasty and rise of republic in the 20th century. -
Unit 6: Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism was a theory used to justify imperialism popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Social Darwinists believed that society evolved based on “survival of the fittest” and that the culture of the weak would naturally deteriorate while the strong grew more powerful and influenced the culture of the weak. This ideology in combination with nationalism and the civilizing mission contributed greatly to the development of imperialism from 1750-1900. -
Period: to
The Great War/WW1
A massive conflict in the 1910’s in which the near entirety of Europe (and its colonies) engaged in total, unrestricted warfare. The central powers, those being Germany, Austro-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire, fought against Serbia, Russia, France, the UK, Italy, Belgium, and Luxembourg. After the US elected to intervene in 1917, the war quickly turned in favor of the Allied powers, and the war was won by 1918. This war decimated the existing peace enacted by the Congress of Vienna. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
A decade-spanning global economic recession which led to the rise of radical ideologies across the world. Nations such as the US, UK, and Japan underwent severe acute poverty, leading to widespread food shortages and a slowing of the global economy and international trade. It weakened various powers and arguably caused WW2 by allowing Hitler and Mussolini to rise to power. -
Period: to
World War 2
A gigantic war which started in 1939 ensuing the German invasion of Poland. Enveloped the majority of the globe and spanned from the Americas to Oceania. The Axis, composed of Germany, Italy, Japan, and Hungary, fought against the Allies, composed of the UK, France, USSR, USA, and other countries. The Allies won following the defeat of Germany and nuclear bombings of Japan. This war restructured the global order, with the US and USSR at the forefront, causing the cold war. -
Period: to
Holocaust
A gigantic genocide in which Nazi Germany systematicaly murdered millions of Jews, Homosexuals, Political Dissidents, and other minorities during their reign over Central Europe. The results of this genocide are ongoing today, and it notably decimated the Jewish Community across Europe. -
Atomic Bombings of Japan
The culmination of the Manhattan Project, in which the United States dropped 2 atom bombs on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima in August 1945. An estimated 200,000 people died in the bombings. The Japanese Empire promptly surrendered. -
Period: to
Korean War
A proxy conflict in Korea following WW2, in which the Communist North attempted to conquer the Capitalist South. The North pushed the South to the city of Busan, but the South, aided by the US and UN, managed to shove North Korea back to its Chinese border. China then intervened, and the resulting stalemate led to the establishment of a border halfway down the Peninsula. This marked the initialization of the cold war in Asia through violent conflict which ripped Korea apart. -
Period: to
Space Race
A technological facet of the cold war in which the USSR and US raced each other to develop sufficient technology to enter outer space. The USSR launched the Sputnik satellite in 1957, marking a significant victory, however the US was ultimately able to land men on the moon in 1969. -
Period: to
Vietnam War
A long, bloody conflict in which Communist North Vietnam and Capitalist South Vietnam fought brutally for control of the country over the course of 2 decades. The USSR and China sent significant material support to the North, but the US and NATO sent a lot of equipment (and troops) to the South. In the end, the North captured Saigon, signifying its victory in the war. The US led a chaotic evacuation of as many South Vietnamese citizens as possible. This marked a turning point in the cold war. -
Year of Africa
The year 1960, in which over a dozen African colonies were granted (mostly) peaceful independence by European colonizers such as Britain and France. These nations are Cameroon, Senegal, Togo, Mali, Madagascar, the DRC, Somalia, Benin, Niger, Burkina Faso, Cote D'ivoire, Chad, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Mauritania, and Nigeria. This mass independence marked the peak of decolonization, and beginning of a new geopolitical era. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
A geopolitical crisis in which the USSR stationed nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba, nearly resulting in war between the US and USSR. The US flew spy planes over Cuba, soldiers were mobilized in Florida, and the tensions ran so high that by the end of the conflict, the Soviets were worried that war would break out before they could accept the peace terms negotiated by the US. This crisis was significant because it was the closest we have ever come to nuclear war. -
Period: to
Greenpeace
Founded in 1971, Greenpeace was initially founded to protest US nuclear testing in Alaska. It spread to engulf a much larger cause, however, becoming a prominent voice in advocating for sustainable energy and ecological conservation. -
Period: to
Advent of Cellphones/Mobile Devices
The first cell phone was invented in 1973 by Dr. Martin Cooper. Since then, cell phones and mobile devices have made communication and leisure easily accessible through highly complex phone systems. People even pay for commodities with their phones nowadays. This has connected the global economy, and improved global scale communication. -
Establishment of the WTO
The WTO, or World Trade Organization, was founded on January 1, 1995. It serves as an apparatus to regulate international trade, thus promoting the trend of globalization and globalized economy which has become prominent as of late. -
Period: to
Spread of Anime and KPop
Anime, a style of Japanese cartoons, and KPop, a specific genre of pop music originating in Korea, have been steadily spreading both physically and digitally across the globe since the early 2000's. They have now become popular across Europe and North America, among other highly developed regions. -
Period: to
Rise of Social Media
Beginning with the founding of Myspace in 2003, social media has since taken over the internet, allowing billions of people to interact wirelessly. This has changed the world by giving power to social media corporations, and also by connecting people who would not otherwise meet.
