Thirty Years War

Introduction

1600

Introduction: The purpose of my timeline is to give an overview of the thirty years war to the viewer, in this war Europe was battling over religion. It was a fight over whether countries in Europe should be Catholic or Protestant. Image Course

Bohemian Revolt

1618

The first stage of the war was the Bohemian Revolt, which began in 1618 and signaled the start of a true continental conflict, i.e., a war. Soon, armies on both sides clashed brutally on multiple fronts, in Austria and in Transylvania to the east. image course

Second Cause of War

1618

It didn't last long, though, as tensions flared up again after Ferdinand's religious order. The Bohemian Nobility of Austria and the Czech Republic despised Ferdinand and threw him and his representatives out the window of Prague Castle in 1618. image course

War Began

1619

This is how it all began. The ascension of Emperor Ferdinand to the position of head of state in the Holy Roman Empire in 1619 sparked religious strife and sparked the terrible war. One of Ferdinand's actions was to persuade the empire's citizens to adhere to Roman Catholicism. Despite the fact that religious freedom was approved and permitted as part of the Peace of Augsburg. Image Course

War Went on

1619

The fighting and war continued to the west, where Denmark Norway's King Christian IV threw his support behind the Protestant states. Even with the assistance of Scottish soldiers, the armies of Denmark and Norway were outnumbered by Ferdinand's forces. Image Course

Catholic League Victories

Jan 10, 1621

In the West, the Spanish army allied with the Catholic League, nation-states in modern-day Germany, Belgium, and France that backed Ferdinand II, which was not a good thing. The forces of Fernand II were successful in driving the rebellion to the east and northern Austria, resulting in the dismissal of the Protestant Union.
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Gustavus Adolphus

1630

Sweden, led by Gustavus Adolphus, joined the northern protestants and took part in the The Swedish forced the religious to retreat and reclaim their territory, which they had previously lost to the Protestant Union.
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More on Gustavus Adolphus

1632

With the Swedish support, protestant victories continued indefinitely, though when Adolphus was killed in the battle of Lutzen in 1632, the Swedish lost most of their zeal. Image Course

War Still Happening

1635

Using the military strategy of Bohemian nobleman Albrecht von Wallenstein, who used his army of about 50,000 soldiers to trade for freedom and use force on any captured territory, the Swedish army vanished. Image Course

Peace of Prague

1636

The Peace of Prosperity Treaty safeguarded the territories of northeastern Germany. But not the areas of present-day Austria and the Czech Republic to the south and west. Religious and political tensions remained high in other regions, and the war and fighting continued and worsened. Image Course

French Involvement

1636

The French and Catholics were enemies of the Habsburgs and were enraged by the amenities provided by the Peace of Prague. The French then went to war, and their armies were no match for Ferdinand's forces until he died old. Image Course

French revolution Continuing

1637

Spain was fighting under the emperor's orders, and Ferdinand III's son, Leopold I, took the throne and ordered counterattacks and an invasion of French territory, threatening Paris. On the other hand, the French recovered, and for many years, the fighting between the French-Protestant alliance and Spain's army and the Holy Roman Empire became a dead end. Image Course

End of French Revolution

1640

The Portuguese began to revolt against their Spanish rulers, weakening and slowing the Holy Roman Empire's military efforts. After two years, the Swedish re-entered the war and defeated the Habsburg forces. Image Course

Shift in the Thirty Years War

1643

Denmark-Norway decided to fight again, this time on the side of the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire. Around that time, French monarch Louis XIII died, leaving the throne to his son Louis XIV, who found himself without leadership in Paris. The French army had many victories, but also many defeats over the years. The Swedes attempted to attack Vienna as well but were thwarted by the Holy Roman Empire. Image Course

Prague Castle Captured

1647

The Habsburg forces led by Octavio Piccolomini were successful in driving the Swedish and French out of what is now Austria. The following year, in the Battle of Prague, the final battle of the Thirty Years War, the Swedish were able to seize Prague Castle from the forces of the Holy Roman Empire and steal art but were unable to take the city. At the time, the Austrians were the sole rulers of the Habsburgs. Image Course

Peace of Westphalia

1648

Many parties in the battle signed many treaties known as the Peace of Westphalia and the foundation for the modern nation state and fixed the borders for the countries taking part in the battle, and ordering residents of a state were subject to state law and not to any other institution, secular or religious. This shifted the power balance and reduced political affairs for the Catholic Church and other religious groups. Image Course