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A Humanism movement ,started along side the renaissance, marked a time where the human was more looked at and observed rather than secular improvements.
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An Italian scholor and poet who is considered the father of humanism.
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This caused major cultural and economic changes, like art, religion POV's, and patronism of the arts.
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Conflict Between England And France over how England declares its monarchal rights over France. At first England was winning then France came out on top.
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Was a Split When the Roman catholic Church tried to claim one true pope then ended with three. Popes included Boniface IX, Innocent VII, and Gregory XII.
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A portugul Navigator than sailed aroung the cap of good hope to establisha trade route to India.
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He was a german Roman Catholic who invened the Printing Press.
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Tried to find India But instead discoered the Americas. landed on the west indes thinkng it was india.
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A true reniassance man of many talents. he was an Italian, inventor, sculpture, architect, scientist, musician, mathematician, and engineer, he is also known as the father of paleontology, ichnology, and architecture, and considered on =e of the greatist painters of all time.
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The Treaty of Lodi was a peace agreement signed at Lodi in Lombardi between Milan, Naples and Florence that ended a long power struggle between Italian states. It confirmed Francesco Sforza as the duke of Milan. It established a balance of power among Italian states.
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Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who is responsible for the heliocentric model of the universe. His work contributed immensly to the Scientific Revolution
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Michelangelo Simoni was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer, he had enormous influence on the development of Western art. He is regarded as a prime example of a Renaissance man.
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A In 1476, Pope Sixtus IV extended indulgences to the unrepented sins of all Christions in purgatory, meaning indulgences could be granted even after a person had died. this type of Practice was frowned upon by many which cause the first basis of the protestant reformation.
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Thomas More was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist, as well as the author of Utopia, which is about the perfect society and government.
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Raphael was an Italian painter and architect, whose work was admired for ideal human body. For a painter at the time, Rahpael was extremley productive. Along with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he serves as another influence of art.
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the age of discovery is a time period where goegraphical discoveries were made. Sea exploration improved emmensly as maps and vessels improved.
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The League of Venice was an alliance of several opponents of French leadership in Italy, arranged by Pope Alexander VI during the Italian War of 1494-1489.
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Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer and navigator who was the first to demonstrate that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's east.This discovery eventually resulted in the indentification of America.
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John Calvin was a French theologian and pastor who was influential during the Protestant Reformation. Calvinism advocated the doctrine of predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God
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Linear perspective was achieved through observation of nature, especially anatomical dissections. This technique presents space, and depicts spacial reality, which made it the first style of its kind.
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Martin Luther was a German priest, professor of theology, and an influential figure in the Protestant Reformation. His 95 Theses protested the belief that God's forgiveness could be bought with money. His translation of the Bible into the vernacular made it more accessible to common people.
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Catherine de' Medici was Queen of France as the wife of Henry II. As the mother of three sons who became king, she ruled France for a while as Queen regent.
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Henry IV of France was King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first French monarch of the House of Bourbon.
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Huguenots are Protestants influenced by the teachings of john calvin. They establiched their first church, 1555, before the French Wars of Region.
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Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII of England and Anne Boleyn, as well as Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death.
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Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, essayist and author. He strongly advocated the idea of scientific discovery based on observation of nature.
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Huguenots were French Protestants (Calvinists) inspired by the writings of John Calvin. Mainly persecuted by Catholic Hugenots.
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A period of civil infighting between the Catholic Huguenots and the Protestant Huguenots.
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A Britian parliamentary desicion which closed common land for the implementation of right to property.
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An American And frech coallition ended the war on american soil with britian. This ended the American Revolution.
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Began when Nationalists hoped or unification, Giusepppe mazzini and Garibaldi led movements and armies to unify the nation states.
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This transformed europe as the dominant prussian- German empire unified most of its "People".
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