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"Sumerian artifacts depict opium poppy."
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"Babylonians relieve toothache with henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)."
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"Acupuncture is being practiced in China, according to Shang Dynasty pictographs on bones and turtle shells."
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"India's Sushruta uses cannabis vapors to sedate surgical patients. Over ensuing centuries, other herbs like aconitum would supplement that sedation in India and eventually in China."
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"Plato refers to ANAIΣΘHΣIA in his work Timaeus."
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"Hua Tuo performs surgery with his general anesthetic Mafeisan, a wine and herbal mixture."
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In 220 AD Hoatho, a Chinese surgeon recoded using Cannabis during his procedures.
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"Inca shamans chewed coca leaves mixed with vegetable ash and dripped their cocaine-laden saliva into the wounds of patients."
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"German physician and botanist Valerius Cordus (1515–1544), synthesizes diethyl ether by distilling ethanol and sulphuric acid into what he called "sweet oil of vitriol."
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"Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815)—In Mémoire sur la découverte du magnétisme animal, he describes using magnets and hypnosis to cure many ailments."
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"After herbal mixtures including opium, mandrake, henbane, and/or hemlock are steeped into a soporific or sleep-bearing sponge ("spongia somnifera"), the sponge is dampened so that anesthetic vapors or drippings can be applied to a patient's nostrils."
