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It originated from English claims to the French throne. The war grew into a broader power struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fueled by emerging nationalism on both sides. The periodization of the war took place over 116 years, wherein the war was interrupted by several years of truces.
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The rival geniuses Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi competed for the contract to build the bronze doors for the Baptistery of the Florence Cathedral -
The Copernican revolution and the invention of the printing press marked important new chapters in scientific study and communications. To many scholars and thinkers of the period, however, the Renaissance was primarily a time of the revival of Classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline. -
The two rival factions worked together to create the Ambrosian Republic in Milan. However, the republic fell apart in 1450 when Milan was conquered by Francesco Sforza of the House of Sforza, which ushered Milan into becoming one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance. -
He became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother, Prince Arthur -
Italian explorer Christopher Columbus led four Spanish transatlantic maritime expeditions of discovery to Central and South America -
The statue was commissioned for one of the buttresses of the Cathedral of Florence and was carved from a block of marble that had been partially blocked out by other sculptors and left outdoors.
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The main participants of the war, who fought for its entire duration, were France, the Papal States, and the Republic of Venice; they were joined at various times by nearly every significant power in Western Europe, including Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Florence, the Duchy of Ferrara, and the Swiss.
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The Prince, a political treatise by Niccolò Machiavelli, written in 1513. A short treatise on how to acquire power, create a state, and keep it, The Prince represents Machiavelli's effort to provide a guide for political action based on the lessons of history and his own experience as a foreign secretary in Florence.
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The strains between Christian faith and Classical humanism led to Mannerism in the latter part of the 16th century