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Guarantee of a Jewish state in Palestine
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Limit Jewish immigration → Jewish protest
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Irgun attack the British administrative headquarters for Palestine
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UN Special Committee on Palestine
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- 1º phase (05-06.1948) :
• Israeli resisted invasion from North
• Israeli gained control of West Jerusalem - 2º phase (07.19948) :
• Israeli re-equipped & reorganised during ceasefire
• Israeli gained land in North & kept control of West Jerusalem - 3º phase (10.1948-01.1949) :
• Israeli defeated Egyptians
- 1º phase (05-06.1948) :
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British, Israeli & French make Suez Canal an international zone
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- PLO raids into Israel
- Tensions :
• Egypt-Syia defence agreement (1966)
• + tensions at Israel borders
• Expel of UN forces to Sinaï & close of Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping - Israel launched air attacks (05.06)
- Territories won by Israel :
• Gaza Strip
• Sinaï peninsula
• West Bank
• Golan Heights
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- Yom Kippur War (1973):
• Egypt & Syria surprise attack
• Israeli recover & go on offensive
• Arabs use oil weapon to preasure the West
• USA & USSR force a ceasefire - Results of War :
• Israeli victory
• Arabs regain pride & respect
- Yom Kippur War (1973):
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Signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin.
- Sadat recognise Israel
- USA brokered peace deal : • Israel to withdraw from Sinaï • Egypt to allow ships through Suez & Tiran
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Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty
- Israeli felt more secure
- Egypt neutral
- Arab states out of relations with Egypt + moved Arab League’s head Quarters from Cairo to Tunis
- 1981 : Sadat assassinated by Islamic extremists during a military parade in Cairo
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- Origins :
• Harsh military rule in occupied territories
• Lost of land for Jewish settlements - Outbreak of the Intifada :
• Palestinian uprising
• Civilians vs Israeli troops
• Worldwide publicity
• USA oppened channels for discution with PLO
- Origins :
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Early attempt by the international community to start a peace process through negotiations involving Israel and the Palestinians as well as Arab countries including Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan.
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Oslo conference between Arafat & Rabbin.
- Arafat :
• Refected use of terrorism
• Called for an end to the infifada
• Recognised the right of Israel to exist in peace & security - Rabbin : recognised the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian People
- Arafat :
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- “Road map” by George Bush → Americans wanted peace but not Israel nor Palestinians
- November 2004 : Yasser Arafat died → Mahmoud Abbas elected
- Summer 2005 : Jewish settlers & troops were withdrawn from Gaza but still remaining in the WB
- Until 2004 : Most of the parliament seats to Fatah
- 2006 elections : Hamas won the majority of seats & refused to recognise Israel
- 2007 : Fighting broke up in Gaza between Hamas & Fatah • Hamas dominating Gaza • Fatah runs the Palestinian control on WB
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Bombing of Arafat headquarters by Israel Defense Forces