Middle east map

The Middle East since the First World War

By Poflow

  • The Balfour Declaration

    The Balfour Declaration
    Guarantee of a Jewish state in Palestine

  • The White Paper

    The White Paper
    Limit Jewish immigration → Jewish protest

  • Attack on King David Hotel

    Attack on King David Hotel
    Irgun attack the British administrative headquarters for Palestine

  • UNSCOP

    UNSCOP
    UN Special Committee on Palestine
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    Civil War

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    Arab-Israeli War

    • 1º phase (05-06.1948) :
      • Israeli resisted invasion from North
      • Israeli gained control of West Jerusalem
    • 2º phase (07.19948) :
      • Israeli re-equipped & reorganised during ceasefire
      • Israeli gained land in North & kept control of West Jerusalem
    • 3º phase (10.1948-01.1949) :
      • Israeli defeated Egyptians
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    Suez Canal Crisis

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    Operation Musketeer

    British, Israeli & French make Suez Canal an international zone
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    Six-Day War

    • PLO raids into Israel
    • Tensions :
      • Egypt-Syia defence agreement (1966)
      • + tensions at Israel borders
      • Expel of UN forces to Sinaï & close of Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping
    • Israel launched air attacks (05.06)
    • Territories won by Israel :
      • Gaza Strip
      • Sinaï peninsula
      • West Bank
      • Golan Heights
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    Yom Kippur War

    • Yom Kippur War (1973):
      • Egypt & Syria surprise attack
      • Israeli recover & go on offensive
      • Arabs use oil weapon to preasure the West
      • USA & USSR force a ceasefire
    • Results of War :
      • Israeli victory
      • Arabs regain pride & respect
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    War in Lebanon

  • Camp David Accords

    Camp David Accords
    Signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin.
    • Sadat recognise Israel
    • USA brokered peace deal : • Israel to withdraw from Sinaï • Egypt to allow ships through Suez & Tiran

  • Washington Treaty

    Washington Treaty
    Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty
    • Israeli felt more secure
    • Egypt neutral
    • Arab states out of relations with Egypt + moved Arab League’s head Quarters from Cairo to Tunis
    • 1981 : Sadat assassinated by Islamic extremists during a military parade in Cairo
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    The First Intifada

    • Origins :
      • Harsh military rule in occupied territories
      • Lost of land for Jewish settlements
    • Outbreak of the Intifada :
      • Palestinian uprising
      • Civilians vs Israeli troops
      • Worldwide publicity
      • USA oppened channels for discution with PLO

  • Madrid Conference

    Madrid Conference
    Early attempt by the international community to start a peace process through negotiations involving Israel and the Palestinians as well as Arab countries including Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan.

  • Oslo Accord

    Oslo Accord
    Oslo conference between Arafat & Rabbin.
    • Arafat :
      • Refected use of terrorism
      • Called for an end to the infifada
      • Recognised the right of Israel to exist in peace & security
    • Rabbin : recognised the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian People

  • Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty

    Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty
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    The Second Intifada

    • “Road map” by George Bush → Americans wanted peace but not Israel nor Palestinians
    • November 2004 : Yasser Arafat died → Mahmoud Abbas elected
    • Summer 2005 : Jewish settlers & troops were withdrawn from Gaza but still remaining in the WB
    • Until 2004 : Most of the parliament seats to Fatah
    • 2006 elections : Hamas won the majority of seats & refused to recognise Israel
    • 2007 : Fighting broke up in Gaza between Hamas & Fatah • Hamas dominating Gaza • Fatah runs the Palestinian control on WB
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    Operation Defensive Shield

    Bombing of Arafat headquarters by Israel Defense Forces