THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMEDIA: A STORY OF INVENTION, INGENUITY AND VISION
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Printing Press Gutenberg and Caxton, movable type printing
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Franklin discovers electricity
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Charles Babbage designs the Difference Engine
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Babbage designs Analytical Machine, often considered to be the first general-purpose computer.
Lady Byron writes programs for the machine -
Morse code (sequence of elements)
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Daguerreotype: photographs produced using a paper negative
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George Boole: develops binary mathematical language of 1’s and 0’s (Boolean Algebra)
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Transatlantic cable laid
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Remington Manual Typewriter
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telephone
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Granted a phonograph patent
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Burroughs: First commercially successful adding machine.
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Mood Music for Film: Musical scores sent along for organ accompaniment
Gramophone: disks manually rotated @ 70 rpm Film: Sequential photographs with sprockets manually pulled through a projector -
Tabulating Machine for the U.S. Gov.Census using punch cards. The tabulating machine later became IBM.
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Commercial radio: KDKA Pittsburgh
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Electronically recorded sound discs
AT&T’s Bell labs allow recording of whole symphonies -
"Talkies": The first commercial talkie film using optical sound recording.
Juke Box: Automatic Music Instrument Company –coin operated phonograph
Telephone becomes operational between London and New York. "The Jazz Singer" starring Al Jolsen. First public demonstration of T.V. -
"Steamboat Willie" first cartoon with a fully synchronized soundtrack
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Conrad Zuse
First calculator. First computer -
Magnetic tape
BASF introduces magnetic tape recording -
Dudley
Vocoder – voice coder -
"Turing’s Machine" defined as capable of computing any calculable function
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"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" the first full-length animation is released.
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John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry design a prototype of the ABC computer (the first automated digital computer).
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First colour T.V.broadcast.
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"Colossus" primitive calculator device built for the British military from Alan Turing’s design
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Zuse – Z3: First machine to work on a binary system rather than decimal system.
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"As we may think" in the Atlantic Monthly Memex (device to find, transform, locate, store information)
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ENIAC designer of the Electronic Numerator Integrator and Calculator the first successful high speed digital computer. However, it used the same concepts that Atanasoff and Berry used to build the ABC computer.
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Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain develop the transistor. More reliable and cheaper to run than vacuum tubes. Open reel tape recorder by Magnecord
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UNIVAC Computer used magnetic tape for buffer memory. UNIVERSSAL AUTOMATIC COMP.
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IBM 701: First electronic stored computer that used vacuum tubes, RAM, punch cards and was the size of a piano.
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Electric typewriter
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Transistor radio: First commercial use of transistor radio developed in 1947 @ Bell labs
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First Transaltantic telephone cable
CBS broadcast
First network broadcast using video tape. -
Sputnik launched (Artificial satellite –no tripulado)
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CRAY: Builds the CDC 1604 for Control Data Corporation. The first fully transistorized supercomputer.
Texas Instruments develops the first Integrated Circuit. Solves the problems of speed, size and wiring. -
Second generation computer introduced by IBM. Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
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Removable disks
Paul Baran sees a communications network different than the traditional point to point links. He envisioned a "fishnet network". -
CAD (Computer Aided Design)
Sketchpad uses the first light pen.
Phillips first compact audio cassette.
First home video tape recording -
"Understanding Media" postulates the global village.
Third generation of computers included the photo printing of conductive circuit boards to eliminate wiring. -
HE inventend the Xanadu hypertext
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Built and Developed of the first hypertext editing system
Dolby labs produces Dolby noise reduction for prerecorded tapes -
Fourth generation computer by IBM uses chips to reduce size and cost.
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Intel 4004 chip developed by Hoff. Computers can now be owned by individuals.
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Phillips laserdisc playback only deck
PONG, first commercial video game -
Metcalf outlines ideas for ethernet
Kahn &Cerf present ideas for structure of Internet -
Intel 8080 microprocessor which was to be used in many PC’s.
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Microsoft is founded by Bill Gates.
DND takes over ARPANET
SONY Betamax VCR with a one hour, ½ inch video cassette tape. -
JVC introduces VHS format.
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Apple was founded by Steven Jobs and Steve Wozniak
Email provided to 100 researchers -
First commercially available cell phone
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VisiCalc: the first spreadsheet
Wordstar: word processing package is released.
Walkman: SONY introduces a portable audio cassette player.
First MUD, MUD1, by Richard Bartle and Roy Trubshaw at U of Essex
Beginning of on-line services with CompuServe and The Source. -
Word Processing Machine
Single purpose machine with limited storage on magnetic material.
SONY introduces the consumer camcorder -
The MS-DOS, or Microsoft Disk Operating System
Adam Osborne completed the first portable computer
Apollo Computer unveiled the first work station -
Lotus 1-2-3, software writes directly into the video system of the IBM PC.
First digital audio 5’’ compact disc.
Computer-generated graphics in movies step forward with Disney's "Tron." -
First PC clone.
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) introduced
Internet is born
TCP/IP protocol -
(computer pioneer) W. Gibson in Neuromancer coins the term "cyberspace."
Apple Computers introduces the Macintosh with the first mouse driven GUI (Graphical User Interface).
3 1/2-inch "microfloppy" diskette
DNS: domain name server introduced
voicemail developed -
Desktop publishing
Aldus PageMaker for the Macintosh
NSFNET: linking five universtiy supercomputer centers
(550 mg)CD-ROMs evolve from CDs on which music is recorded. -
optical transistor patented, a component central to digital optical computing.
SONY Betamax removed from consumer shelves -
Hypercard : Apple (1987) actually hypermedia (nonsequential links to documents) includes authoring system -tool for building interactive hypermedia documents (Authorware Model,Linkway)
First digital audio tape players -
Robert Morris' worm flooded the ARPANET.
3D Graphics: 3D graphical supercomputers -
Handwriting recognition is introduced by grid with a touch sensitive pad on a lap top computers.
Battery powered ,fully functional notebook computer.
Corporation for Research and Education Networking (CREN) is formed by merging CSNET into BITNET Maxis released SimCity, a sophisticated video game launching a new genre 'simulation'. -
IBM, Tandy AT &T, and others announce the software specifications for multimedia platforms.
ARCHIE
The birth of theWorld Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee, develops HTML ( HyperText Markup Language) -
GOPHER
PGP encryption released by Phillip Zimmerman
National Science Foundation lifts ban on commerce on the Internet. -
veronica: very easy rodent-oriented net-wide index of computerized archives.
World Wide Web -
Mosaic developed by M. Andreessen
Internet -
Internet goes interactive; shopping, banking, live concerts, radio broadcasting, spamming
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Private ISP becomes big business
Netscape goes public
