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Period: to
French Revolution
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Convening the Estates General
• The Estates General met separately and usually the third estate was out voted by the first two
• Louis XVI proposed to tax the nobility so he had to call the estates general to approve this new tax; it was the first meeting in 175 years -
Tennis Court Oath
• This was the first act of revolution, and they were locked out of their meeting room the next day
• They met at an indoor tennis court and pledged to not leave until a new constitution was written up -
Storming of the Bastille
• Rumors flew in Paris, people were not sure of what to do so they tried to get arms to defend themselves
• They stormed the Bastille and killed some guards and paraded around the streets with their heads on pikes
• July 14 is celebrated by the French as July 4 is in the United States -
Great Fear
• Rumors circulated through the countryside from town to town that the nobles were paying men to terrorize them
• They broke into noble’s homes and destroyed legal papers that bound them to pay feudal dues or even burned down the homes -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
• They pass the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which said “men are born and remain free and equal in rights
• Also guaranteed freedom of speech, equal justice, and freedom of religion
• This did not count for women, though only men -
Women’s march to Versailles
• In October 1789, women had rioted over the price of bread and marched to Versailles and demanded that Louis and Marie return to Paris
• Louis and Marie never again saw Versailles -
Louis and Marie’s flight to Varennes
• Their immediate family attempted unsuccessfully to escape from Paris in order to initiate a counter-revolution
• Their destination was the fortress at Montmédy in northeastern France
• They were only able to make it as far as the small town of Varennes -
Constitution of 1791
• second written constitution of France
• a government that limited the power of the king -
Brunswick Manifesto
• a proclamation issued by Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
• The Brunswick Manifesto threatened that if the French royal family were harmed, then French civilians would be harmed -
National Convention
• Quickly abolished the monarchy
• Declared French a republic, where every citizen could vote, not women
Put Louis on trial -
The Terror
• period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution
• The death toll ranged in the tens of thousands
• Many wear executed by the guillotine -
Directory
• Napoleon surrounded the legislature and its members and forced them to vote to dissolve the directory -
Napoleon Bonaparte takes over
• He defended the national convention
• He becomes the leader -
Concordat of 1801
• an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII
• It solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status -
Louisiana Purchase
• was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,000 square miles (2,140,000 km2) of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803
• The U.S. paid 15 million dollars for the Louisiana territory -
Battle of Trafalgar
• was a sea battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy -
Napoleonic Code
• The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified -
Napoleon becomes Emperor
• At the ceremony, Napoleon surprised everyone by not allowing the Pope to crown him. Instead, he placed the crown on his own head
• made Josephine Empress -
Continental System
• It was a large-scale embargo against British trade
• was the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars -
Peninsular War
• a war between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal
• a war for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars -
Invasion of Russia
• a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars
• reduced the French and allied invasion forces
• also known as the Patriotic War of 1812 -
Exile to Elba
• the dethroned Emperor left France for the isle of Elba, where he was exiled under the terms of the Treaty of Fontainebleau
• Napoleon would be allowed to rule Elba -
Battle of Waterloo
• The defeat at Waterloo put an end to Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French and marked the end of his Hundred Days return from exile -
Exile to St. Helena
• Napoleon retreated to Paris where he was forced to renounce his throne
• European powers were not going to take any chances on Napoleon's possible return
• They exiled him to the island of St. Helena