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The German Empire signs an agreement with Austria-Hungary and Italy, creating this alliance in preparation for a possible confrontation. -
Morocco being the main scene of international tensions, with European powers competing to control it, the German Empire offered to help Morocco against France, which wanted to establish a protectorate in the region. -
Bloody Sunday, 1905, was a massacre where Russian troops fired on peaceful demonstrators in St. Petersburg, leading to hundreds of civilian deaths and triggering widespread unrest and revolutionary fervor against the Tsarist regime.
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Its objective was to resolve the Morocco Crisis, which ended up authorizing a Franco-Spanish protectorate, forcing the Germans to back down on their offer. -
France, fearing the military might and expansion of the Germans, allied with Russia and improved its relations with Great Britain, which had deteriorated due to colonial disputes, resulting in these three powers signing a pact of mutual aid called the Triple Entente. -
Austria-Hungary annexed the region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, sparking international tensions and contributing to the eventual outbreak of World War I.
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The annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary increased tensions in the Balkans, which resulted in the Balkan Wars.
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This event was the trigger for the First World War. -
Austria-Hungary, encouraged by Germany, accused Serbia of the June 28 murder and declared war. -
Germany declared war on France, triggering the beginning of World War I and escalating the conflict that had already commenced with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, 1914.
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The Germans launched a new offensive on the Western Front but were stopped by the French at the Battle of Verdun.
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In February 1917, widespread discontent and strikes in Russia led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, marking the end of the Romanov dynasty and initiating the February Revolution, which ultimately paved the way for the establishment of a provisional government.
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In March 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power from the provisional government in Petrograd, leading to the establishment of Soviet control and setting the stage for the October Revolution later that year.
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In April 1917, the United States entered World War I following the German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram, which proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States.
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In October 1917, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, successfully staged the October Revolution in Russia, overthrowing the provisional government and establishing the world's first socialist state.
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In November 1917, the Bolsheviks consolidated power in Russia, formally ending the provisional government's rule, and initiating the establishment of the Soviet regime under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.
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In March 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, ending Russia's involvement in World War I but ceding significant territory to the Central Powers, marking a costly peace for Russia.
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On November 11, 1918, World War I ended with the signing of the Armistice between the Allies and Germany, marking the cessation of hostilities and the beginning of peace negotiations.
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In January 1919, the Paris Peace Conference began, bringing together world leaders to negotiate peace terms and redress the aftermath of World War I, leading to the establishment of the Treaty of Versailles and other treaties.
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In June 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, officially ending World War I and imposing harsh terms on Germany, which contributed to economic hardships and political instability in the country.
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The 1921 Red Army victory in the Russian Civil War solidified Bolshevik control over Russia, marking the end of major armed resistance against the Communist regime and consolidating the Soviet government's power.
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The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was officially established on December 30, 1922, consolidating various Soviet republics under Bolshevik rule.