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The Iliad and The Odyssey are written down. Greek colonization begins in the Black Sea, North Africa, Southern Italy, Sicily, France and Spain.
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Originally a celebration or a festival for Zeus, king of Greek Gods who lived on Mount Olympus. The Olympic Games were a series of competitions between representatives of city states.
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Polydorus was the 10th Agiad king of Sparta, and was known for changing the constitution of Sparta so that the king and the Gerousia (28 chosen men above the age of 60) could veto decisions made by the Spartan Apella (the male citizen body). He was also partly in charge of the First Messenian War which enslaved Sparta's many neighbours.
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Perdiccas I was the king of the kingdom of Macedonia. Argos was a powerful rival of Sparta for dominance over the Peloponnese.
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War between Messenia and Sparta caused by a dispute between them during a festival at the temple of Artemis Limnatis around 768 BC. The Spartans won the war and defeated Messemians were enslaved if not fled to other states. Land ownership was transferred from Messenia to Sparta.
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Conflict between Greek city states Chalcis and Eretria due to the struggle of the fertile Lelantine plain on the island of Euboea, between Chalcis and Eretria. Due to the economic importance of these two poleis, the conflict spread considerably with many other city states joining the war. Defeated Eretria list its political and economic importance.
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Colonised as part of the wave of Greek colonisation. Founded by Spartan hero Phalanthus. The first colonists were also said to be the offspring of Spartan women and helots, the semi-enslaved agricultural workers who served their Spartan masters.
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Pheidon was considered as a vigorous leader who greatly increased Argo's power.
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Conflict between the ancient Greek city-states of Sparta and Messenia, which attempted to regain its independence after having been conquered in the First Messenian War. The conflict ended with another Spartan victory, strengthening its position among the other city-states. After the defeat of First Messenian War, Messenians were made into Helots and serfs. Due to a large population of slaves in Spartan society, revolts of slaves has always been a major problem.
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During the second Messenian war,
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Cypselus was the first tyrant of Corinth in 7th century BC. With increased wealth and more complicated trade relations and social structures, Greek city-states tended to overthrow their traditional hereditary priest-kings. Cypselus, usurped power, became tyrant and expelled the former traditional king.
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Tegea was froced to become a Spartan ally when Spartans became more ambitious in the Peloponnese area. There were several attempts for Tegea to break free from Sparta's control but were all unsuccessful. When Sparta was defeated by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra, Tegea gained more political power.
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Battus was the founder of the ancient Greek colony Cyrene.
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The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel, a core fortified area of a town. Cylon was one of the Athenian nobles.
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Draco was the first recorded legislator of Athens in Ancient Greece. He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court of law. Draco was the first democratic legislator, requested by the Athenian citizens to be a lawgiver for the city-state,
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In ancient Greece the chief magistrate in various Greek city states was called eponymous archon. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens.
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Sappho was an Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos. Sappho is known for her lyric poetry.
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Pythagoras was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, Western philosophy.
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Peisistratos was a ruler in ancient Athens.
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Cambyses II, son of Cyrus the Great, ruled the Achaemenid Empire from 530 until his death in 522 BC.
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Hippias of Athens was one of the sons of Peisistratus, and was the last tyrant of Athens between about 527 BC and 510 BC, when Cleomenes I of Sparta successfully invaded Athens and forced Hippias to leave Athens.
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Cleisthenes was an ancient Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democracy. For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy."
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Themistocles was an Athenian politician and general. He rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. He was a populist and had the support of lower-class Athenians. Miltiades was an Athenian General. They defeated Darius at the Battle of Marathon, fought between the citizens of Athens and a Persian force. The battle was the result of Persian King Darius I to subjugate Greece. The Greek army defeated the more numerous Persians, as a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars.