-
Sep 25, 1555
The Peace of Augsburg
SourceIn 1530 Charles attended an assembly known as the Diet at Augsburg. Lutherans presented the Confession of Augsburg attempting to prove that their views were Biblical.
This confession remains the basis of the Lutheran faith. Charles promised to hold a “diet” to explain the changes happening. On September 25th, 1555, peace was arranged between the Lutherans and Catholics. Although Lutherans were given legal standing, Anabaptists and Calvinists were not. -
Period: to
King Christian IV of Denmark
sourceHe was a Lutheran king of Denmark and Holstein. Ferdinand attacked him because of their religious differences. The combined power of Wallenstein and Tilly won and led to the occupation of Holstein. Later when king Christian was offered to take back Holstein, he refused in order to be more concentrated in ruling Denmark. -
Period: to
Maximilian I of Bavaria
sourceHe was a duke(1599-1651) and elector(1623-51) of Bavaria, was a supporter of the Counter Reformation and created the Catholic League. He was an ally of the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand, and helped him with his military force. He also conquer King Christian 4 of Denmark. Later on in the war he was forced to conclude peace, as well as to deny his alliance with the emperor. -
The Story Before the War
It all began as a dispute between the emperor Rudolph and the Habsburg family. As they found him a threat and it was not possible to remove him, they tried to limit his possible damages. The Bohemian Estates gained major rights after the little batlle between Rudolph and his brother. -
Period: to
Philip IV of Spain
Source
Philip IV of Spain was the king of Spain and Portugal during the decline of Spain as a great world power in the 1600s. He is remembered for failing to revive Spain's prominence during the Thirty Years War and for his patronage of the arts. -
Period: to
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
sourceHe was a Lutheran ruler of Sweden and had strong military strategies. He also took the leadof Sweden into the war. Gustavus won some of the battles, but he was killed during the battle of Lutzen. -
Defenestration of Prague
Source At Prague Castle on May 23, 1618, three Imperial governors were tried, because they violated the Letter of Majesty. They threw them out of the windows of the Bohemian Chancellery; they fell 30 meters and survived. Roman Catholic Imperial officials claimed that the men survived due “to the mercy of angels.” -
Battle of White Mountain
SourceIn 1618 Protestant nobles in Bohemia began a revolt against Habsburg rule. That marked the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War. Two years later the Battle of the White Mountain, which lasted just two hours, and Emperor Ferdinand II won. This led to the execution of 27 of the leaders, and the Bohemian Estates were deprived by power. -
Period: to
The Bohemian Period
SourceIn 1617 the Bohemian Diet elected Frederick II for the king of Bohemia and two years later he became the Holy Roman Emperor. This election alarmed the Bohemian Calvinists because they feared that they may lose their religious rights. The Defenestration of Prague(1618) was their revolt(they threw two of the Bohemian royal council members through a window). After the victory at the Battle of White Mountain, Frederick regained the throne as this period ended with a Hapsburg and Catholic victoy. -
Period: to
Ferdinand of Syria as king of Bohemia
sourceIn 1617 was elected for a king of Bohemia and two years later was declared for the Holy Roman Emperor. He was a Catholic educated by Jesuits. He treatened the Protestants which led to the Defenestration of Prague, reestablished Catholic control in Bohemia, placed the Catholic and Hapsburg power at the top, and articipated in many battles until he died in 1637 as his son inherited the power. -
Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu King Louis XIII
sourceCardinal Richelieu was a chief minister to King Louis XIII of France. He helped in centralizing the royal power. The Cardinal also retrieved the rights of the Protetants. -
Period: to
The Danish Period
SourceThis period began with the conflict with the Lutheran King Christian IV, the ruler of Denmark and Holstein, who supported the Protestants so he was against Ferdinand 2. He was attacked in 1626 as the attackers occupied Holstein. A new king was elected in Prague to provide intent to the Bohemian rebels. The Treaty of Lubeck returned Holstein to Cristian 4, but he refused. This period also ended with a Hapsburg and Catholic victory. -
Treaty of Lubeck
Source
The treaty of Lubeck ended the Danish intervention in the Thirty Years’ War. It was signed on May 22, 1629 by Albrecht von Wallenstein and Christian IV of Denmark. -
Period: to
The Swedish Period
SourceThe victories of the Catholics warned the Protestants as princes and Bourbons were afraind of losing their independece and the increased Hapsburg power. King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden as elected and signed alliance with France and Germany and entered a war aganst the Hapsburgs.The conflict spread through Europe. During the Battle of Lutzen, King Gustavus Adolphus was killed. Then Wallenstein joined the army and defeated southern Germany. -
Battle of Lutzen
SourceT
he Battle of Lutzen happened on November 16 1632; it was fought by the Swedes to help their North German allies against the forces of the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II. -
The Treaty of Prague
SourceThe Peace of Prague – signed on 30 May 1635, was a treaty between Ferdinand II and the Electorate of Saxony. Brought an end to the civil war aspect of the Thirty Years’ War. -
Period: to
The French Period
SourceThe Treaty of Prague was broken when France decided to join the war.Cardinal Richelieu wanted to decrease the power of the Hapsburgs so he was planning to attach Spain. Later France succeded against Spain and this helped to balance in favor of the Protestants. When emperor Ferdinand 2 died he was replaced by his son, but a peace negotiations began in 1641 and made a change after the death of Cardinal Richelieu and the Frech occupation of Bavaria. -
The Peace of Westphalia
Source
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648. The Peace of Westphalia involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III; the Kingdom of Spain; the Kingdom of France; the Swedish Empire; the Dutch Republic; the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire; and sovereigns of the free imperial cities. -
Treaty of the Pyrenees
Source
The treaty of the Pyrenees ended the warfare between France and Spain.
