-
Proto-Indians live at the Gault site.
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Coastal American Indians make knives and scrapers from stone.
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A clay tablet made in Babylon is an early attempt to create a map of the world.
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American Indians now known as the Hohokam create farming communities in present-day Arizona.
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American Indians living near Galveston Bay begin making pottery.
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the Anasazis start building large houses in Chaco Canyon in present-day New Mexico.
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The Caddos grow many kinds of crops in East Texas.
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Christopher Columbus first reaches the Bahamas.
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Explorer Christopher Columbus reaches islands off the southeastern coast of present-day Florida.
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Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda maps the Texas coast.
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Hernan Cortes begins his conquest of the Aztec empire.
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Europeans arrive in Texas and encounter the Karankawas.
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Francisco Pizarro begins his defeat of the Inca Empire in South America.
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Explorer Francisco Våsquez de Coronado crosses the Texas Panhandle.
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A Spanish treasure fleet shipwrecks off of present-day Padre Island.
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Pedro Menendez de Aviles founds St. Augustine, Florida, the first European settlement in the present-day United States.
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An estimated 152,500 Spanish settlers live in the Americas.
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Spaniard Hernån Gallegos writes about the lives of the Jumano Indians in Texas.
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Juan de Onate crosses the Texas panhandle on his way to Quivira.
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English captain Henry Hudson explores the eastern coast of North America and sails up the river that now bears his name.
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Potatoes native to the Americas are planted in Germany for the first time.
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The Spanish build a mission named Francisco de los Tejas.
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The English navy destroys the Spanish West Indian fleet during a war between England and Spain.
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Spaniards first record seeing Apache Indians riding horses.
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A group of colonists led by French explorer Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle lands in Matagorda Bay in Texas.
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The Glorious revolution in England led to the removal of the Catholic ruler James II and appointment of William and Mary to the English Throne
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The French began trading with the American Indians along the Mississippi River for beaver pelts that are made into fur hats
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More than 250,000 people live in the English Colonies in North America
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The French found New Orleans
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Martìn de Alarcón establishes the San Antonio de Valero mission.
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settlers from the Canary Islands arrive in San Antonio
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Benjamin Franklin begins to publish Poor Richards Almanac
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Rancher Thomas Sanchez establishes the town of Laredo
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Charles III takes over the throne of Spain. He would later be known as one of the nations best kings.
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France, Great Britain and Spain sign the Treaty of Paris effectively ending the Seven Years War
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The Marques de Rubi expedition begins.
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Antonio Gil Ybarbo founds the town of Nacogdoches in East Texas
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The American Revolution begins
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Spanish priest Juan Agustin Morfi, author of the History of Texas 1673-1779 dies.
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The French Revolution begins
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Phillip Nolan, a US citizen receives permission to capture wild horses in Texas
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France sells Louisiana to the United States and the purchase doubles the nations size
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Father Miguel Hildago y Costilla's Grito de Dolores or " Cry of the Dolores" sparks Mexico's War of Independence
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US Citizen James Long and a small force invade Texas only to be defeated by Spanish forces
-
Mexico which includes Texas claims it's independence from spain.
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Venezuela joins other Latin American nations in winning independence from Spain
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The Spanish government grants Moses Austin permission in to found a colony in Texas.
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The first public school opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
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Settler Jared Groce plants a cotton crop, possibly the first in Stephen F. Austin's colony.
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About 3,000 Anglo settlers live in Texas without the permission from the Mexican Government
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Charles Macintosh invents waterproof fabric, which was used in raincoats.
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Empresario Martin de Leon settles families on the lower Guadalupe River.
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Charles Grandson Finney receives a license as a Presbyterian minister and begins preaching throughout the United States.
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Mexican officials adopt the Constitution of 1824. Coahuila and Texas are merged to form one state.
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The Erie Canal is completed.
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Bolivia wins it's independence from Spain.
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An American Indian attack on the Green DeWhitt colony forces settlers to flee Gonzales.
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Fur trapper and explorer Jedidiah Smith blazes an overland route to California.
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The Fredonian Rebellion begins when Haden Edwards declares independence from Mexico.
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Stephen F. Austin receives a contract to settle an additional 100 families in Texas.
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The United States formally offers to purchase Texas from Mexico for $1 million.
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Andrew Jackson is elected president of the United States.
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General Manuel de Mier y Teran begins a tour of Texas for the Mexican government.
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President Guerrero issues a decree ending slavery in Mexico, but an exemption is made for Texas.
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The Texas Gazette newspaper begins publication in Austin's colony.
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Spanish soldiers land at Tampico in a final attempt to reconquer Mexico. Forces led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna defeat them, earning him the nickname Hero of Tampico.
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Thomas J. Pilgrim organizes a Sunday school and private boy's school in San Felipe.
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On April 6 Mexico issues a law that changes rules on immigration and trade in Texas.
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A cholera epidemic spreads West from Asia across Europe.
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The town of Gonzales receives a cannon from the Mexican government to defend citizens against American indian attacks.
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A violent slave revolt, know as Nat Turner's rebellion, takes place in Virginia.
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George Catlin paints portraits of American Indians as he travels across the American West.
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General Santa Anna leads a revolt against President Bustamante.
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Great Britain abolishes slavery throughout it's empire.
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Mary Austin Holley's letters, describing life in early Texas are published.
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Stephen F. Austin is arrested in Saltillo.
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Cyrus McCormick patents a reaping machine that allows farmers to harvest grains such as wheat three times faster.
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Texas farmers export some 7,000 bales of cotton, worth about $ 315,000, to New Orleans.
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In response to widespread demands for change, the British Parliament reforms local government in England.
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Texas settlers attack Mexican soldiers at Gonzales, forcing them to leave.
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Santa Anna, the president of Mexico, decides to personally lead the campaign to put down the Texas Rebellion.
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Texas troops push Mexican troops out of San Antonio, capturing the city.
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Texas settlers hold about 3,500 land grants.
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Samuel Colt obtains a British patent for his single-barreled revolver. He obtains a U.S. patent the next year.
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An estimated 1,000 U.S. immigrants enter Texas Each month.
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Texans become concerned when the Mexican government officially abolishes the Constitution of 1824
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Alexis de Tocqueville begins publishing Democracy in America.
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Richard Lawrence tries to assassinate U.S. president Andrew Jackson. Jackson is unharmed.
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The siege of the Alamo begins.
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The Texas Declaration of Independence is adopted.
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Stephen F. Austin arrives in Washington to request aid for the Texas revolution.
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Texans win the Battle of San Jacinto, ending the Texas Revolution.
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Arkansas is admitted as the 25th state of the United States.
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Revolts erupt in several regions of Spain, forcing ruler Maria Cristina to restore the Constitution of 1812.
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A revolt in Strasbourg led by French emperor Napoleon lll fails, and he is banished from the country.
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A financial panic leads to a depression in the United States.
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The first official Texas flag is adopted by the Texas Congress.
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Texans elect Mirabeau B. Lamar president.
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The Texas government begins work in Houston, the new capital.
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John Deere manufactures the steel plow.
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U.S. troops begin removing the Cherokees from Georgia to Indian Territory.
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Velasco citizens hold a horse race on the coast near the town.
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Texas passes a homestead law, protecting settlers' homes from being seized to pay debts.
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Tennessee produces some 45 million bushels of corn.
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Repeated attacks and discrimination force more than 100 Tejano families to flee Nacogdoches.
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The photographic process known as the daguerreotype is introduced at the Paris Academy Sciences.
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The World's Anti-Slavery Convention is held in London.
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Austin, the new capital, has 850 residents.
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The first college chartered by the Republic, Rutersville College, is founded.
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Punch, a periodical famous for its political humor, begins publication in London, England.
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Texans again elect Sam Houston president of the Republic.
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William Kennedy publishes Texas: The Rise, Progress, and Prospects of the Republic of Texas.
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Snider de Pellegrini, director of a French colonization company brings 14 settlers to Texas.
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The Tehuacana Creek Councils lead to peac betweenTexans and several Texas Indian groups.
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Railroad lines from Paris to Rouen and Paris to Orleans are opened.
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President Sam Houston sends troops into East Texas to end the Regulator Moderater War.
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The United States annexes Texas.
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The U.S. Congress moves the presidential election day to the first week in November.
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At least 30,000 enslaved African Americans live in Texas.
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A severe famine in Ireland begins, eventually killing hundreds of thousands of people.
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Great Britain announces that it will seize all slave-carrying ships sailing to Brazil.
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Texas sings a peace treaty with the Penteka Comanche
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Thomas J. Rusk and Sam Houston become the first Texans to serve in the U.S. Senate.
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Bear Flag Revolt erupts as settlers in California declare independence from Mexico.
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The Smithsonian Museum is established.
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A state census reports the state's population the state's population at more than 142,000
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George T. Wood is elected governor of Texas.
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The Seneca Falls Convention calls for equal rights for women, including the right to vote.
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Mexico cedes much of it's territory to the U.S. in the treaty Guadeloupe.
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Gold is found in California
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Great Britain and the US agree to build a canal in Central America to link the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
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California is admitted to the United States.
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The Texas population reaches 200,000 people
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In her book, In 1850, Malinda Renkin describes the state, urging people to move to Texas.
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Uncle Tom's Cabin a novel that criticizes slavery is published and sells 300,000 copies in the US alone in its first year in print.
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Work begins on the Port Isabel Lighthouse. When completed, its light could be seen from 16 miles away.
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Mexico sells the United States more than 29,000 sq. mile territory of territory along its border with the present day Arizona and New Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase
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After many false starts, track is finally laid for the Buffalo, Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway.
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U.S. Army troops abandon Fort Worth after settlers move farther west beyond the fort.
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Commodore Matthew C. Perry sails into Edo (now Tokyo) Bay, Japan. Perry soon signs treaties of peace and commerce with the Japanese.
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The American or Know-Nothing Party becomes active in Texas.
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The Kansas Territory's leglislature passes harsh pro-slavery laws that spark criticism.
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English clergy man Charles Kingsley publishes the novel Westward Ho!
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The Governor's Mansion is built in Austin.
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Slaves in Colorado County acquire weapons and plan a rebellion, but the plot is discovered before it can begin.
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A financial panic begins in the US
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In Dred Scott V. Stanford, the U.S. Supreme Court declares that slaves are not slaves.
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The Butterfield Overland Mail begins taking passengers and mail by stage coach from Missouri, through Texas and on to California.
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A series of clashes occurs between Texas Rangers and Mexican Americans near Brownsville
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Texas produces a record crop of more than 400,000 bales of Cotton
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Sam Houston easily defeats incumbent Hardin Runnels in the election for Texas governor.
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The Pony Express is established offering mail service for St. Joseph Missouri to San Francisco California
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Texans vote by more by more than three to one to secede from the United States
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Union and Confederate armies clash in the first battle of Bull Run, the first major battle in the Civil War.
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Troops leave San Antonio for New Mexico planning to capture the Southwest for the Confederacy
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The Civil War begins when Confederate soldiers open fire on Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
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The Texas Frontier Regiment is established.
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The Battle of Shiloh is fought.
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Union forces capture Galveston
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President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
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Union forces win major battles at Gettysburg Pennsylvania and Vicksburg Mississippi.
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A Union attempt to invade Texas is turned back at Sabine Pass
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Union troops capture Brownsville
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The Texas cattle population increases rapidly during the Civil War.
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People rush to what is now Montana after gold is discovered there.
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In a battle near Mansfield Louisiana Confederate forces stop a Union invasion of northeastern Texas.
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Union Army troops under General William Tecumseh Sherman capture Atlanta.
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Colonel Christopher "Kit" Carson leads an attack against Plains Indians in the Panhandles
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General Robert E Lee surrenders at Appomattox courthouse.
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The last land battle of the war is fought at Palmito Ranch Texas.
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The Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect in Texas freeing the state's slaves
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The thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery is put into effect
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U.S. negotiators sign the Treaty of the little Arkansas with Comanche and Kiowa leaders.
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The US congress removes control of Reconstruction from the president.
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Railroads cut through the Great Plains, deviding the buffalo into northern and southern herds.
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the Kansas Pacific Railroad establishes a shipping point for cattle in Abilene, Kansas.
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African American George T Ruby is elected as a delegate to the Republican National Convection.
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Ulysses Grant is elected president of the U.S.
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Fort Richardson is established near Jacksboro.
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Texas cowboys move a herd of 15,000 cattle to the market. It is the largest single herd of the era.
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The Fifteenth Amendment gives African American men the right.
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The Illinois Central Railroad extends it's line west, reaching Sioux City, Iowa.
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Texas has 583 miles of rail lines.
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Public school system is created
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Manufacturers begin to use buffalo hides to produce leather for industrial purposes.
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The General Amnesty Act allows most former Confederates to once again hold public office.
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In 1873 Clarksville received 109.4 inches of rain.
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Ranchers begin to ship thousands of cattle from Denison after the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad extends a line there.
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the U.S. economy suffers a downturn, causing a temporary decline in the value of cattle.
-
Republicans lose control of the US House of Representatives.
-
Democratic regains full control of state government.
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Plains Indians attack a group of buffalo hunters in the Battle of Adobe Walls.
-
Comanche leader Quanah Parker surrenders, ending the Red River War.
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A gold rush in the black hills of Dakota Territory leads to war between the Sioux and the United States.
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the Huber Manufacturing Company, which builds threshers and other farm machinery, is incorporated.
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Texas adopts the new Constitution.
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About 2,700 animals die during a cattle stampede near the Brazos River.
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Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson work as law officers in the cattle town of Dodge City, Kansas.
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the Texas laegislature passes a law that allows the state to fund railroads with land grants.
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Texas A&M University opens as an all-male military institution.
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The Compromise of 1877 ends Reconstruction throughout the South.
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Apache leader Victorio launches raids along the Texas-Mexico border.
-
War breaks out between the British and the Zulu in South Africa.
-
Up to 21,000 cattle go through the Union Stockyards in Chicago every day.
-
American farmers grow almost $325 million worth of cotton.
-
the Texas and Pacific Railway meets he Southern Pacific line near El Paso, forming the first transcontinental railroad through Texas.
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The Knights in Labor, the first union to female members, establishes a local women's chapter in Philadelphia.
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A ranch in the panhandle purchases enough barbwire to fence 250,000 acres.
-
Thomas Edison installs electrical power plants in New York City and London.
-
The University of Texas formally opens.
-
The Knights of Labor begin a major strike against Jay Gould's railroad company.
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A labor rally in Chicago's Haymarket square erupts in violence.
-
a riot erupts in Chicago's Haymarket Square during a nationwide strike by unions.
-
There are more than 8,000 miles of railroad track in Texas.
-
The Texas legislature passes the Antitrust Act of 1889.
-
American inventor John Lambert builds the first automobile that uses an internal combustion engine.
-
Texas Normal College and Teachers' Training Institute, now called the University of North Texas, opens in Denton.
-
More than 1,400 delegates from 33 states and territories gather in Cincinnati to form the Populist party.
-
The Texas Railroad Commission is established to regulate railroads in Texas.
-
The first gasoline-powered tractor is developed in Waterloo, Iowa.
-
A leading association of farmers endorses the Populist Party.
-
Drillers strike oil in Corsicana.
-
Cuban rebels revolt against Spanish rule.
-
The first football game is played between the University of Texas and Texas A&M.
-
B.F. Goodrich Company manufactures the first automobile tires.
-
The United States declares war with Spain.
-
Teddy Roosevelt organizes and trains the Rough Riders in San Antonio.
-
The lowest recorded temperature in Texas was a chilly -23 F, occurring in 1899 at Tulia and in 1933 at Seminole.
-
Texas has more than 350,000 farms, and almost half of all farmers are tenant farmers.
-
There are more than 5.7 million farms in the United States.
-
A hurricane hits Galveston, killing some 6,000 to 8,000 people.
-
The Spindletop well strikes oil, producing more than 17 million barrels of oil the next year.
-
New Zealand passes a third Factory Act designed to protect the rights of workers.
-
The Corsicana Oilers set a baseball record by defeating the Texarkana team 51 to 3.
-
The United States begins construction on the Panama Canal to provide a shorter route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It takes 10 years to build.
-
A large oil strike is made in the Humble oil field in Harris Country.
-
The first Neiman Marcus department store opens in Dallas.
-
Oil is discovered at Goose Creek along Galveston bay.
-
The Ford Motor Company introduces the Model T, one of the most popular cars in American history.
-
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored people (NAACP) is founded.
-
Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz is overthrown.
-
Jovida Idar becomes the first president of the League of Mexican Women.
-
The U.S. Supreme Court orders the Standard Oil Company to break up the several smaller companies.
-
The Houston Ship Channel opens, and Houston soon becomes an important oil refining center.
-
The Houston Ship Channel is completed, leading to the growth of industry in the Houston area.
-
The United States declares war on Germany and enters World War l.
-
A French inventor builds a gyroplane-a flying craft much like a helicopter.
-
Texas ratifies the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which bans the sale or manufacture of alcohol.
-
Texas troops are sent to France to fight in World War l.
-
An application is filed to drill for oil state-owned land in West Texas. Several years later the Santa Rita no.1 strikes oil.
-
The Nineteenth Amendment is adopted, granting women the right to vote.
-
The Nineteenth Amendment is ratified, giving women the right to vote.
-
Governor William Hobby breaks a dockworkers' strike in Galveston.
-
El Azizia, Libya, had a record high of 136 F in 1922.
-
Americans spend some $60 million on radios.
-
Texans elect Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson as the state's first female governor.
-
Jazz music reaches a wider audience with the first public performance of George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue.
-
The United States imports some $ 4.4 billion worth of goods
-
The U.S. stock market crashes, leading to business failures and unemployment
-
U.S votes chose Democrate Franklin D. Roosevelt to be their next president
-
Some 300,000 thousand are unemployed
-
James V. Allred is elected governor of Texas
-
The Federal Farm Bankruptcy Act extends credit to farmers in danger of losing their farms.
-
The highest recorded temperature in Texas was a blistering 120 F, occurring in 1936 at Seymore and in 1994 at Monahans.
-
Texas celebrates the 100th anniversary of the Texas Revolution
-
The U.S. government creates a program to promote soil conservation
-
Texans elect W. Lee "Pappy" O' Daniel as governor
-
The Fair Labor Standards Act sets a minimum wage for some American workers.
-
Germany invades Poland, leading to Worl War ll.
-
Japanese forces attack U.S. Navy ships at Pearl Harbor.
-
Large numbers of Texans volunteer for military service in World War ll.
-
Allied troops launch D-Day, an invasion on the European continent
-
The U.S. Supreme Court declaims the Texas white primarily unconstitutional
-
Texan Audie Murphy receives the Medal of Honor for stopping a German tank attack in France
-
President Harry S. Truman announces that the United States will help other nations that are fighting communism.
-
More than 3 million automobiles are registered in Texas
-
Wink received just 1.76 inches of rain in 1956
-
Allan Shivers successfully runs for a third term as governor.
-
Texas women call for an equal rights amendment to the state constitution
-
The Soviet Union launches Spuntnik, the first artificial satellite
-
Texas musician Buddy Holly is killed in a plane crash.
-
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that Texas owns Gulf costal tidelands up to a 10.35 mile limit.
-
The Soviets shoot down a U.S. Spy plane.
-
Vostok, Antarctica, had a record low of -129 F in 1983.
-
The United States used about 46 trillion gallons of water for irrigation in 2005.
-
The Texas timber industry earned more than $1.9 billion in 2007.
-
Sales of Texas livestock totaled more than $10.8 billion in 2007.
-
In 2007 the United States contained more than 751 million acres of forests and woodlands.
-
In 2009, sales from the meat and poultry industry were nearly $155 billion.
-
The American timber industry earned more than $20 billion in logging and sawmill production in 2009.
-
In 2011 the value of Texas cotton production reached over $1.5 billion.
-
American farmers harvested more than $6.5 billion worth of cotton in 2011.
-
In 2012 there were more than 244,700 farms in Texas.
-
In 2012 the United States produced more than 2.3 billion barrels of oil.
-
The United States produced more than 80.9 million tons of lignite in 2012.
-
Agriculture added some $297 billion to the U.S. economy in 2012.
-
In 2012, United States exports of computer and electronics products were worth more than $123 billion.
-
In 2012 Texas produced about 730 million barrels of crude oil worth some $55 billion.
-
Agriculture added some $36 billion to the Texas economy in 2012.
-
In 2012 there were 2.2 million farms in the United States.
-
Texas exports of computers and electronics were worth more than $45 billion in 2012.
-
Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels comes to Texas.
-
Samuel H Walker dies during a conflict in Mexico
-
Cowboys in Wyoming Territory stage a labor strike to protest a pay cut.
-
Fighting breaks out between US forces and Mexican troops at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma
-
The Rio Grande, which begins in Colorado and flows along the Texas-Mexico border, runs 1,896 miles.
-
The Nile River flows some 4,160 miles through northeast Africa.
-
Arica, Chilie, receives an average of just 0.03 inches of rain per year.
-
Lloro, Columbia, receives an average of 523.6 inches of rain per year.
-
Guadalupe Peak is the highest point in the state, at 8,749 feet above sea level.
-
Mount Everest is the highest point in the world, at 29,035 feet above sea level.
-
Texas has an estimated 23 billion tons of lignite, a type of coal.
-
More than 6 million acres of Texas land are irrigated.
-
The Ogallala Aquifer is the largest underground water source in Texas.
-
The Ogallala Aquifer is also the largest aquifer in North America.
-
The largest reservoir in the world is Lake Kariba in Zambia-Zimbabwe.
-
With 800,000 acres of land, Big Bend National Park in Texas.
-
Toledo Bend Reservoir on the Sabine River holds more than 5.5 billion cubic meters of water.
-
Caddo Lake is the largest natural lake in Texas, covering more than 39 square miles (half of which are in Louisiana).
-
The largest natural lake in the world is the Caspian Sea, which covers more than 143,000 square miles.
-
Texas contains more than 60 million acres of forests and woodlands.
-
The largest national park in the United States is the Wrangell-St. Elias Park, which covers more than 8 million acres of Alaska.