HISTORY of Israel: Timeline

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  • 1020 BCE

    c.1020 Jewish monarchy established; Saul, first king.

    c.1020 Jewish monarchy established; Saul, first king.
  • 930 BCE

    c. 930 Divided kingdom: Judah and Israel

    c. 930 Divided kingdom: Judah and Israel
  • Period: 722 BCE to 720 BCE

    722-720 Israel crushed by Assyrians; 10 tribes exiled (Ten Lost Tribes).

    722-720 Israel crushed by Assyrians; 10 tribes exiled (Ten Lost Tribes).
  • 586 BCE

    586 Judah was conquered by Babylonia; Jerusalem and First Temple were destroyed; most Jews were exiled.

    586
    Judah was conquered by Babylonia; Jerusalem and First Temple were destroyed; most Jews were exiled.
  • Period: 538 BCE to 142 BCE

    538-142 Persian and Hellenistic periods

    538-142 Persian and Hellenistic periods
  • Period: 538 BCE to 515 BCE

    538-515 Many Jews return from Babylonia; Temple rebuilt.

    538-515 Many Jews return from Babylonia; Temple rebuilt.
  • Period: 332 BCE to 332 BCE

    332 Land conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule.

    332 Land conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule.
  • Period: 166 BCE to 160 BCE

    166-160 Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt against restrictions on practice of Judaism and desecration of the Temple

    166-160 Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt against restrictions on practice of Judaism and desecration of the Temple
  • Period: 142 BCE to 129 BCE

    142-129 Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans.

    142-129 Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans.
  • 63 BCE

    63 Jerusalem captured by Roman general, Pompey.

    63 Jerusalem captured by Roman general, Pompey.
  • Period: 63 BCE to 313

    63 BCE-313 CE Roman rule

    63 BCE-313
    CE Roman rule
  • Period: 63 BCE to 4 BCE

    63-4 BCE Herod, Roman vassal king, rules the Land of Israel; Temple in Jerusalem refurbished

    63-4 BCE Herod, Roman vassal king, rules the Land of Israel;
    Temple in Jerusalem refurbished
  • Period: 20 to 33

    c. 20-33 Ministry of Jesus of Nazareth

    c. 20-33 Ministry of Jesus of Nazareth
  • 66

    66 Jewish revolt against the Romans

    66 Jewish revolt against the Romans
    66年 犹太人起义反抗罗马人
  • 70

    70 Destruction of Jerusalem and Second Temple.

    70 Destruction of Jerusalem and Second Temple.
    70年 耶路撒冷和第二圣殿被毁。
  • 73

    73 Last stand of Jews at Masada.

    73 Last stand of Jews at Masada.
    73年 犹太人在马萨达的最后防线。
  • Period: 129 to 63

    129-63 Jewish independence under Hasmonean monarchy.

    129-63 Jewish independence under Hasmonean monarchy.
  • Period: 132 to 135

    132-135 Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome.

    132-135 Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome.
  • 210

    c. 210 Codification of Jewish oral law (Mishna) completed.

    c. 210 Codification of Jewish oral law (Mishna) completed.
  • Period: 313 to 636

    313-636 Byzantine rule

    313-636 Byzantine rule
  • 390

    c. 390 Commentary on the Mishna (Jerusalem Talmud) completed.

    c. 390 Commentary on the Mishna (Jerusalem Talmud) completed.
  • 614

    614 Persian invasion

    614 Persian invasion
  • Period: 636 to 1099

    636-1099 Arab rule

    636-1099 Arab rule
  • 691

    691 On site of First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Abd el-Malik.

    691 On site of First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Abd el-Malik.
  • Period: 1099 to 1291

    1099-1291 Crusader domination (Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)

    1099-1291 Crusader domination
    (Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)
  • Period: 1291 to 1516

    1291-1516 Mamluk rule

    1291-1516 Mamluk rule
  • Period: 1517 to

    1517-1917 Ottoman rule

    1517-1917 Ottoman rule
  • 1564

    1564 Code of Jewish law (Shulhan Arukh) published.

    1564 Code of Jewish law (Shulhan Arukh) published.

  • 1860 First neighborhood built outside walls of Jerusalem's Old City.

    1860 First neighborhood built outside walls of Jerusalem's Old City.
  • Period: to

    1882-1903 First Aliya (large-scale immigration), mainly from Russia.

    1882-1903 First Aliya (large-scale immigration), mainly from Russia.

  • 1897 First Zionist Congress was convened by Theodor Herzl in Basel, Switzerland; Zionist Organization was founded.

    1897年 西奥多-赫兹尔在瑞士巴塞尔召开了第一次犹太复国主义大会；犹太复国主义组织成立。

  • 1917 400 years of Ottoman rule ended with British conquest; British Foreign Minister Balfour pledges support for the establishment of a "Jewish national home in Palestine"

    1917年 400年的奥斯曼帝国统治随着英国的征服而结束。
    英国外交大臣贝尔福承诺支持在巴勒斯坦建立 "犹太民族家园"
  • Period: to

    1918-48 British rule

    1918-48 British rule