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Jinchuan which translate to the "Golden Stream," was an area in western Sichuan. It was the most destructive and expensive battle. The Manchus were ruthless in getting rid of the rebels. -
The Ten Great Campaigns was multiple battles fought led by Emperor Qianlong to further expand central China. This was to show the power and control of the Qing Dynasty.
Source for picture: “Ten Great Campaigns.” n.d. Military Wiki. https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Ten_Great_Campaigns#References. -
The central government surrender to the Qing Empire ending the first campaign of Jinchuan.
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First campaign in Xinjiang which was based on the destruction and Pacification of the Dzungaria. Amursana had been given the title of Khan of Khoit by Qianlong. -
The Amursana started a Dzungar revolt against the Chinese.
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The Qing Empire responded to the rebellion by sending General Zhao Hui and after many battles, the Qing suceeded. The most important victory was at the Battle of Gadan-Ola in which one of the Dzungar leaders, Ayusi, defected to the Qing Empire and led the attack on the camp.
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Zhao Hui ambushes Amursana at night. This was another important victory at the Battle of Oroi-Jalatu. This is the end of the second campaign which ends with a Qing victory. During this time, there was a Muslim revolt against the Qing Dynasty in Eastern Turkestan. -
Zhao Hui received 600 troops for relief and succeed in backing off the rebels in the Battle of Qurman. The troops fought in other battles to capture the rebels in which they got them Sultan Shah's capital. Sultan Shah turned over to the Chinese and this ended the third campaign. -
Qianlong believed it to be an easy and stationed Green Standard troops in Yunnan. The Burmese troops defeated the troops at both invasions which then escalated the conflict to a major war.
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The third invasion was led by Manchu Bannerman and was almost a success. However due to the unfamiliar territory and environment the troops drew back.
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The fourth and biggest invasion was stopped at the front. The Qing forces were surrounded and the field commanders came to a true on December 1769.
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The second campaign in Jinchuan began due to the interethnic conflict going on. The tribes barricaded themselves in stone towers and forts in mountains. -
The Qing Empire gets rids of the barricades by cannon fire and then created stricter guidelines for the inhabitants.
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Nepal became a strong centralized state in the 1760's. The Gurkha decided to invade Tibet in 1788. Qianlong Emperor ordered troops to Lhasa to restore order and the Gurkha's retreated. -
The Vietnamese ruler, Lê Chiêu Thống, was overthrown from his title and had fled the city. The Qing army was sent to the south to restore his throne however this angered many of the people. In 1791, there was a surprise attack against the Qing forces and they lost. However the leader of the surprise attack, Nguyễn Huệ, turned himself in to the Qing China and agreed to pay annual tribute.