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Following bread rations introduced by the Russian government and the rising bread prices in Petrograd, working class women and other protesters who joined participated in strikes to criticize and spark changes in government and the oppression by the industries in power. Soldiers initially mobilized to shut down protesters eventually supported their movement; Tsar Nicholas abdicated the throne shortly after. This 8 day long protest resulted in the casualties and fatalities of around 1,300 people.
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Women organized on international women's day to protest the shortages of food and the withholding of food from the general public of Russia.
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After the meeting of the Duma on March 12 in spite of Tsar Nicholas's attempted dissolution of it, the legislature declared their inteion to assume control of government. The Provisional Government was established on the 15th as Nicholas had abdicated his power. This government had hoped to enforce a liberal agenda with their main concerns regarding the reformation of civil rights and the suppression of corporate powers.
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Lenin and his family were returned to Russia with the assistance of the German hope to make Russia less stable following the March Revolution and its effects; Lenin had hoped to bring the Bolsheviks to power.
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Lenin proposed actions that Russia should take in order to start and successfully implement a Bolshevik revolution to completely seize control of Russia based on Marxist ideals. He had hoped to end the war, redistribute land and factories among the people and committees of workers respectively, and move power from the provisional government to the hands of the soviets.
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Alexander Kerensky, Russia's war minister failed to incite a war offensive because of the low morale of the Russian soldiers. Kerensky had taken charge of the provisional government and had accused Lenin and the Bolsheviks of attempting to overthrow the government; Lenin and many Bolsheviks were forced into hiding.
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General Lavr Kornilov had attempted to march on Petrograd with his army in order to take power of Russia and shut down the Bolshevik and Liberal revolutions. Kernesky had received help from the Bolsheviks and it became clear to the public that the Bolsheviks, rather than Kernesky and his provisional government were in power.
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Following the apparent weakness of the provisional government, Lenin had began to encourage his supporters to rise up against it and claim control of Russia once and for all. Unrest among the government began to rise as well as the amount of Bolsheviks.
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Despite the Bolshevik's defeat to the Socialist Revolutionaries in the elections of the Constituent Assembly, Lenin refused to hand power back to the assembly. During his early reign of Russia, Lenin helped nationalize all Russian land as well as putting the factories in the hands of the peasants. With the help of Alexanda Kollontai, social changes such as the allowance of abortions and gender equality were introduced.
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The Bolsheviks had organized on the night of November 6 and took control of Petrograd that night and the following day. Not long after, the Bolsheviks also seized control of the Winter Palace and the provisional government was dissolved. Decrees on Land, Peace, and Press are issued, proclaiming the retribution of land among the peasantry, the withdrawal from World War I, and the dissolution of the previous press. The first new rights are given to the people by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
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Following Russia's departure from WW1 and its continued social changes, many groups within Russia began to oppose the Bolshevik government. Russia had faced opposition from Ukraine, Siberia, and Allied forces who had attempted to continue fighting. Despite mass losses of life and land, Russia resisted and survived against civil uprising and Allied aggression through 1921 with help from Trotsky's leadership of the Red Army against the White Armies.
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In a hope to appease the Russian public and Bolshevik supporters, Lenin and Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, giving up eastern Poland, Ukraine, Finland, and the Baltic provinces in addition to 1/3 of Russia's old population and railway network, 1/2 of its industry, 3/4 of its iron ore supply, and 9/10 of its coal and food supply; Lenin had hoped that it would help fulfill his promise of peace and claimed the treaty wouldn't matter if socialism spread through Europe.
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Tsar Nicholas and his family, including his wife and their five children, were taken into custody following Nicholas' abdication of his role as Tsar. After being brought to Siberia, they were brought to a town in the Ural Mountains. The entire family was assassinated between July 16 and 17 and their bodies were burned by soviet revolutionaries.
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Lenin had led executions against wealthy peasants attempting uprisings and had survived an assassination attempt a revolutionary Fanny Kaplan. Lenin and his regime would lead mass arrests and executions of rebellious revolutionaries. In spite of the fear inspiring this period of Red Terror and thanks to the removal of many opponents to the Bolsheviks, Lenin and his regime were able to use Russian nationalism following this period to carry Russia through the wars.