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From 4000-3000 bc
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-Average life span was 20 years
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-Believed that illness and disease were caused by super national spirits and demons
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-Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies to drive out evil spirits
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-Herbs and plants used as medicines, and some are still used today
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-Trepanation or trephining was used to treat insanity and epilepsy
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From 3000-300 BC
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-Earliest people known to maintain accurate health records
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-Called upon the gods to heal them when disease occurred
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-Imhotep may have been the first physican
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-Physicians were priests who studied medicine and surgery in temple medical schools
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-Average lifespan was 20-30 years
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From 1700 BC-220 AD
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-Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure
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-Carefully monitored the pulse to determine the condition of the body
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-Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
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-Used acupuncture, or puncture of the skin by needles, to relieve pain and congestion
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-Average lifespan was 20-30 years
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From 1200-200 BC
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-Began modern medical science by observing the human body and effects of disease
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-Believed illness is a result of natural causes
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-Average lifespan was 25-35 years
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From 753 BC - 410 AD
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-First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
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-Early hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their homes
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-Later Hospitals were religious and charitable institutions housed in monasteries and convents
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-Began public health and sanitation systems
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-Average lifespan was 25-35 years
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-Hippocrates was called the father of medicine
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-Aristotle dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy
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From 400-800 AD
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-Emphasis was placed on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited
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-Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease
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-Monks and priests provided custodial care for sick people
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Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
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-Average lifespan was 20-30 years
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From 800-1400 AD
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-Renewed interest in the medical practice of Greeks and Romans
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-Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century
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-A pandemic of the bubonic plague killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia
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-Major diseases were smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plague, and malaria
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-Average lifespan was 20-35 years
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From 1350-1650 AD
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-Rebirth of science of medicine
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-Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology
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-Average lifespan was 30-40 years
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-First chairs of medicine created at Oxford and Cambridge in England
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From 1500-1699
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-Causes of disease were still not known and many people died from infections and puerperal
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-Average lifespan was 35-45 years
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-Ambroise Pare a French Surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding
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-First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius
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-Gabriel Fallopius identified the Fallopian tubes in the female
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-William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart
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From 1700-1999
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-Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals for glasses
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-French Barbers acted as surgeons by extracting teeth, using leeches for treatment, and giving enemas
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-Walter Reed demonstrated that mosquitos carry yellow fever
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-Adult Stem Cells were used as treatment of disease
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-Average lifespan in the 21st century is 90-100+ years
