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King John signed the Magna Carta. It included taxation and trial provisions. It also outlined individual rights that the king could not violate.
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The first governing document of the Plymouth Colony. Was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower.
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The English Bill of Rights passed, which guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
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The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe
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The French and Indian War was a theatre of the Seven Years' War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes
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First direct tax on paper goods and legal documents; Stamp Act Congress met to protest the tax and it was repealed
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British soldiers shot and killed 5 colonists after being harassed by a mob.
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Revolutionaries dumped British tea into the harbor as a political protest
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The Intolerable Acts were punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British Government
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The United States Declaration of Independence is the pronouncement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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An armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades
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Counted population of states with each slave worth 3/5 of a person
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Established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory; Included disputed lands; Created system for admitting states to the Union; Banned slavery in the territory; Guided nation’s western expansion
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Established a Three-tiered Judicial Structure: District courts, Circuit courts, and Supreme court
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Both state and national governments were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence
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Began to expand the power of the Supreme Court -
Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States.
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Maryland taxed the national bank; Court ruled bank was necessary and proper; Maryland couldn’t tax bank b/c it could weaken the national government; "The power to tax is the power to destroy."
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Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ
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First national woman's rights convention in the US
Called for equal rights in voting, education, and property -
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen ; Gave him no legal standing to sue -
Granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges
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States had the right to nullify (cancel) national laws that they believed contradicted state interests
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States had the right to separate themselves from the Union
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Refused to support the 15th amendment (equal voting rights regardless of race) because it didn’t extend voting rights to women -
Ended Chinese immigration to the US -
Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal; “Separate but equal” doctrine -
Gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax; Main source of US income
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Women were not guaranteed the right to vote until passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 -
States and national governments worked together to deal with the Great Depression
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Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons
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The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs) -
Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions
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FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers" (internment camps); 120,000 left their homes and businesses and 80,000 remained in camps until the war was over.; Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld this order.
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The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs -
Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens -
Coordinates national security policy and brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration
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Ruled segregation is illegal; "Separate is inherently unequal" -
Women were guaranteed the right to serve on a jury
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Empowered the federal government to actively engage in voter registration in places where voting discrimination had been found -
Government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality; Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals.; If states didn’t cooperate, they would lose federal funding. -
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice; Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested; Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally -
Established equal pay for men and women -
Banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin in voting, employment, and public accommodations; Passed under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, so businesses had to follow the law as well
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Expanded rights of people accused of crimes; “Miranda Rights” -
Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
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Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War -
President must consult with Congress before sending troops and Congress can force the president to end use of military with a concurrent resolution
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Returned some authority to state governments; Cut national grant money and relaxed national requirements
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Established the rationale for qualified immunity
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Limited police use of lethal force
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Juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable
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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
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Reorganization of agencies already in place: Law enforcement, Border security, Transportation, TSA (Transportation Security Administration), Immigration, CBP (Customs and Border Protection), Secret Service, Coast Guard
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Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense
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Ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms for self-defense
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Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment -
Ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage
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Court ruled a ban on immigration from majority-Muslim countries did not violate the Establishment Clause
