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Marius, after reforming the Roman army, defeats the Teutons and Ambrones at Aquae Sextiae. Gaius Marius- Six consulships
Fought Germanic Tribes, Social War and present Mithridatic.
vs. Sulla
Populares
Military reforms https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Army/ -
At Vercellae the Romans crush the Cimbri. https://www.worldhistory.org/Cimbri/
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Social War between Rome and its Italian allies. Italians want Roman Citizenship and equal share in power. Only won by Rome by granting the Italian wishes. Socii got nothing from wars of expansion
Roman citizenship- right to vote, own land, hold office, marry, give citizenship to children Sulla participate lex frumentaria (graindole)- sold grain to poor at low price https://www.worldhistory.org/war/
https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/859/roman-citizenship/ -
Mithridatic Wars between Mithridates VI and Roman Republic . Mithridates- King of Pontus (asia minor)
Commanded mostly by Sulla. Sulla made great contributions to Social War, yet all credit to Marius.
Sulla given asia minor province
Optimates values https://www.worldhistory.org/Mithridates_VI/
https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Republic/ -
First Civil War between Marius and Sulla. First march on Rome by Sulla. Marius thinks of Mithridatic War as easy and lucrative, convinces tribune to transfer command. Sulla marches, kills tribune and gains back command. https://www.worldhistory.org/Gaius_Marius/
https://www.worldhistory.org/sulla/ -
Sulla's second march on Rome. Cinna betrays Sulla. Marius and Cinna exile Sulla and seize property. Marius dies. Sulla threatens in letter. Cinna plans ambush in Greece but betrayed and dies. Reforms made to make tribunate powerless, and give back greater authority to Senate
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Pompey fights under the Roman dictator Sulla.
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Mass Proscriptions. After Second march and betrayal, Sulla becomes dictator (no time limit) and appeases allies, making assassination lists of political enemies. Initial outrage but silenced by added lists. Those named were seized of property and family stripped of title.
Reward was 2 talents. -
Sulla is persuaded to give Pompey his first triumph in Rome. Pompey
Father was novus homo
Didn't hold office (yet)
Very young
Given imperium multiple times (many exceptions)
Raised army
Wed Sulla's step daughter
Fought Marians
Fought rebellions
(Lepidus, Sertorius, Spartacus) https://www.worldhistory.org/pompey/
https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Triumph/ -
Crixos, a Celt and second in command under Spartacus, is killed. 300 Romans are sacrificed in his honor.
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Pompey is granted his second triumph for his victories in Spain. Third Servile War/ Command against Spartacus
Crassus did most of the work, only given ovation
Pompey prevented slaves escaping north -
Pompey and Crassus are made consuls. Pompey too young, never held office, exempt
Both wanted consulship
Undid Sulla's reforms on tribunate https://www.worldhistory.org/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus/ -
The Gabinian Law is passed, giving Pompey great power to deal with pirates. Ended in 40 days
Treatment of pirates fair
Corrupt nobles happy -
The Manilian Law is passed, giving Pompey great power to deal with Mithridates VI of Pontus. Mithridates prepped while Rome busy with other wars
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Galatia becomes a client state of Rome.
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The Roman general Pompey defeats the Seleucid Antiochus XIII and incorporates Syria as a province of the Roman empire.
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Pompey returns to Italy, and disbands his army upon landing.
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First Triumvirate' between Caesar, Pompey and Crassus. https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/
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Caesar attacks the Helvetii while on migration and defeats them.
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Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul. https://www.worldhistory.org/gaul/
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Cicero is exiled from Rome.