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Petrarch is said to be one reason for the start of the renaissance. He was on of the earliest humanists. His poems were popular all throughout Europe.
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Humanism is the study of ancient Greek and Latin classics in an attempt to revive the values from that time period. Humanist studied liberal arts and celebrated human dignity.Humanists were well rounded and scholarly.
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Gutenberg invented the moveable type printing press. His invention launched the printing revolution. It made access to books much easier for normal people.
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Lorenzo de' Medici ruled the Florentine republic. He was a patron of the renaissance. He contributed greatly to the Renaissance by sponsoring artist to do their work in Florence.
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Da Vinci was a renaissance man. He was a painter, engineer, botanist, psychologist, and many other things. He studied human anatomy and he drew the Vitruvian Man who had perfect bodily proportions. He is known for his painting of The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
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Erasmus believed the catholic church was corrupt. He was a religious scholar who wrote texts on Catholicism. He ordered the bible to be written in all languages.
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Machiavelli believed a strong man could rule an undivided people. He took after Roman rulers . He believed in virtue and he wrote a book on how to rule a country the right way.
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Durer was an engraver. He used Renaissance techniques in his engravings like realism. His art portrayed religious problems.
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Copernicus went against the church doctrine. He proposed the idea of a heliocentric model. The church rejects his idea. To avoid being killed, he revokes his idea, but he still believes the universe is sun centered.
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Michelangelo was a renaissance artist. He painted The School of Athens. He is best known for his sculpture of David and the paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel.
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More is a humanist from England. He wanted social reform, so he wrote about a utopia. In his book, everyone had an equal chance for justice and education.
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Raphael was an Italian painter who attended the school of Athens. He is known for his large Vatican fresco.He also painted the Sistine Madonna.
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Luther was a Monk who realized what the church was doing was wrong, so he sparked a revolution. He wrote 95 points as to why the church was corrupt and the pope excommunicates him. He begins his own religion called protestant and teaches his beliefs.
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King Henry wanted an annulment, but the church wouldn't allow it, so he takes over the English church and makes only one new rule, divorce is allowed. He married 6 women in his lifetime. Henry became very sick and died leaving the church of England in the hands of his children.
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By the 15th century printing presses were present in over 200 cities. The invention of the printing press and moveable type made it possible for common people to buy books. Once people could obtain literature, education advanced. This whole process was due to the printing revolution.
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Calvin was a priest who agreed with Luther's teachings, but he added his own beliefs to his religion. He believed it was decided before you were born if you would go to heaven or not. Calvinist fought with the Catholics until they/re forced to sail to America.
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The church sold indulgences which were said to lessen an individuals time in purgatory. Many Christians objected this idea and believed the church was overstepping its boundaries. Martin Luther would eventually help end the sale of indulgences.
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The pope used the inquisition to fight the Protestantism. Through secret testimony, torture, and executions Protestant heresy was found and removed from the Catholic church.Catholic followers could no use the writings of Luther or Calvin.
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Elizabeth was the last of Henry's kids to take the throne. She united England by compromising between Catholics and Protestants. She appointed someone else head of the church instead of herself. She had the church services translated from Latin to English.
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The council of Trent was a result of the reformation. The council clarified doctrines made my Protestants. This helped Roman Catholic churches all over.
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Bacon was a philosopher during the scientific revolution. He published the scientific method which impacted the way scientists prove hypotheses. His work revolved around observations.
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Scientist during the scientific revolution used the scientific method. The method was published by Francis Bacon who was impacted by Copernicus and Galileo. The method uses experimentation to prove a hypothesis.
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Galileo made important discoveries. He made a very effective telescope. He used the scientific method to prove his theories. Galileo developed the law of acceleration. He was accused of heresy for his theories that went against church doctrine.
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Shakespeare wrote 37 plays exploring Renaissance ideals. He focused of the complexity of individuals. His plays were written in languages that everyone could read. He added 1700 words to the English language.
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Isaac Newton is best known for his development of the laws of gravity and motion. Newton revolutionized education in physics. His work was among the most important during the scientific revolution.
