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It is believed that the devistation of the Black death has resulted in a shift in the world view of people in 14th-century Italy
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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was an Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher.
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(First Voyage) - set sail from port of Palos, in southern Spain on August 3, 1492. Sighted land in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492, discovered Cuba, Española, and other islands in West Indies. Returned March 4, 1493
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Although Spain continues to claim land in South America, a large region remains outside its empire. In the Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal claims Brazil and issues grants of land to Portuguese nobles. European settlers move to Brazil to farm brazilwood and sugar.
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Leonardo da Vinci painted this famed Mona Lisa painting isn't a portrait of a local merchant's wife as we had originally been led to believe, but is actually based on his apprentice, Gian Giacamo Caprotti.
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Completed the statue of David.. It is a 5.17-metre marble statue of a standing male nude. The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence
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The Italian sailor Amerigo Vespucci. The mapmaker names the region America, and the Caribbean islands Columbus initially explored are named the West Indies.
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An Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.
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a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches
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Martin Luther passes his 95 thesis in Witenberg. A list of questions and propositions for debate. Popular legend has it that on October 31, 1517 Luther defiantly nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church.
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Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernan Cortés lands on the coast of Mexico with 600 men, 16 horses, and a few cannons. While the Spaniards are vastly outnumbered by the Aztecs, they capture and demolish the capital city of Tenochtitlán in a brutal assault in 1521. Their actions inspire other conquistadors to conquer regions in the Americas.
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Dies
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writing Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments) in opposition to Luther, Henry VIII of England is rewarded with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) by Pope Leo X.
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While at the Wartburg castle, Luther works on a translation of the Bible into German and publishes his New Testament translation (The Old Testament translation is posted later, in 1534).
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completes the first circumnavigation of the globe, nearly three years after first setting out. While Ferdinand Magellan leads the initial expedition, he and four other ships do not survive the entire voyage.
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William Tyndale (c. 1494-1536) publishes a translation of the New Testament in English.
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Publication of the Confessio Augustana or Augsburg Confession, outlining Lutheran theology and practice.
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The marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void by Thomas Cranmer, Minister of Canterbury in disobedience of the Catholic church. Henry later marries Anne Boleyn.
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Inspired by the success of Cortés in Mexico, Francisco Pizarro arrives in Peru in 1532. He capitalizes on the unrest in the Incan empire and quickly captures the Inca emperor, whom he executes in 1533. The Spanish spread across Ecuador and Chile, adding much of South America to Spain's empire.
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Henry VIII becomes supreme head of the Church in England, which separates from the Roman Catholic Church.
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Publication of the first version of the Book of Common Prayer in the Church of England.
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Calvin dies and is succeeded by Theodore Beza.French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism,
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Determined to find the Northwest Passage between the Atlantic Ocean and Asia, English explorer Martin Frobisher sets sail for North America. In 1576 he sights the coast of what is now Labrador, Canada. Despite three voyages, Frobisher is unsuccessful in finding the Northwest Passage.
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The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English navy. a sign of the strength and spirit imparted to the country by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. However, some more recent historians claim that the English victory was no more than a lucky accident.
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French Protestants (Huguenots) are granted toleration by Henry IV in the Edict.
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Hoping to exploit trade in East and Southeast Asia and India, a group of English merchants form the East India Company by royal charter. With this company, the English break the Spanish and Portuguese monopoly of the East Indian spice trade. The company later becomes involved in politics and acts as an agent of British imperialism in India.
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In the late 1500s, the Dutch set up colonies and trading posts around the world. A group of wealthy merchants found the Dutch East India Company, which furthers their quest to be the major European commercial power in the east. The company also comes into conflict with the English East India Company.
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Galileo discovers the moons of Jupiter.
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Publication of the KJV or Authorised Version, a translation for the Church of England.
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The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest, most destructive conflicts in European history.
France, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, United kingdom, Ottoman Empire -
Louis XIV (1638-1715) revokes the edict, leading to an exodus of Protestants from France.
