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This legislation bars the Pope's authority in England and creates the King (Henry) as the Head of the Church of England. This happened because he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, however the Pope would not allow it.
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King Henry VIII confiscated the land and wealth of Catholic monasteries in England. At the time the Catholics controlled about 1/3 of the land in the country and Henry saw this as an opportunity to appropriate more funds, most used to fund military campaigns in France.
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Mary I, King Henry's daughter with Catherine of Aragon, becomes Queen after her half-brother's death. She is a Catholic and during her reign, protestants are relentlessly persecuted. This is referred to as the Marian Persecutions, many protestants were burned at the stake.
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Elizabeth becomes Queen after Mary, her half-sister, who locked her in the Tower of London, dies. At first , despite being a Protestant, she is tolerant of Catholics however towards the end of her reign she begins to persecute them.
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A Catholic revolt in Northern England and a Papal Bull denouncing Elizabeth as a heretic and calling Catholics to remove her from power causes the Queen to see Catholics as a threat. Anyone who would not swear an oath to the Queen as head of the Church was executed.
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