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1534
Act of Succession
Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon is void and their child, Mary Tudor, is deemed illegitimate. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
Recognized Henry VIII as the "Supreme Head of the Church of England". The act also required an oath of loyalty from English subjects that recognized his marriage to Anne Boleyn. -
Period: 1534 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
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Period: 1542 to
Reign of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart takes over the succession of her father as a newborn baby. She is raised at the French Court and marries the Dauphin, who dies a year later.
In England, there were always concerns with Scotland being to powerful and wanting to ally with France. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
Last surviving child of Henry VIII with his third wife, Jane Seymour. -
1549
Act of Uniformity
The Book of Common Prayer was a way of achieving religious unity by making the rites of the English Church's liturgy uniform. The Act of Uniformity establishes the Book of Common Prayer as the only form of worship in England. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
Mary Tudor, also known as 'Bloody Mary' is the daughter of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon.
She gets rid of Lady Jane Grey who was chosen as the successor of Edward VI, who did not want Mary, a Catholic, as Queen of England. She reigns from 1553 to 1558.
She restores Catholicism as England's official faith. -
1554
Mary I and Philip II of Spain
Mary wanted to marry prince Philip, heir to the King of Spain, which was a foreign match with a very catholic kingdom. Most of her counsellors advised against it, but the marriage was celebrated anyway in 1554. -
1554
Wyatt's Rebellion
Led by Sir Thomas Wyatt the Young, to oppose Bloody Mary's foreign match with Philip II of Spain, and England's return to Catholicism. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
"Bloody Mary"
Under Mary's reign, about 300 Protestants were executed, which earned her the nickname "Bloody Mary".
She very forcefully imposed her views, and about 800 reformed intellectuals fled England for the contient. They were the "Marian exiles" -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
At the end of her reign, Mary I reconciles with her sister Elizabeth and appoints her as her successor.
Elizabeth is the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She reigns from 1558 to 1608. -
Period: 1558 to 1563
"Elizabethan religiou settlement"
Laws and decisions taken between 1558 and 1863 by Elizabeth I in order to unify the Church.
She reinstated the Protestant Prayer Book of Edward VI (a new version of it: one in English and one in Latin) but retained Bishops and ecclesiastical vestments. A compromise between the new faith and the old faith. -
Newfoundland Colony
In 1578, Sir Humphrey Gilbert becomes the first man to be granted a patent by Elizabeth I to be able to go to the New World and plant a colony in North America. He founds Newfoundland in 1583. -
Babington Plot
The Babington Plot is a plot set against Elizabeth I, to assassinate her and put her cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne.
It is discovered when Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's "spymaster", intercepts a letter sent by Anthony Babington to Mary Stuart, asking her for her approval and advice to "dispatch" the "usurping competitor", Elizabeth. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
For 20 years, Elizabeth I is stuck with her cousin as her prisoner, while all of her counsellors tell her to kill Mary.
Elizabeth refuses to get rid of Mary until 1586, with the discovery of the Babington plot. there is a trial and Mary Stuart is considered guilty of High Treason. She is beheaded in 1587.
As both were Catholic, Philip II and Mary were regularly in contact during her captivity. When she dies in 1587, tensions between Spain and England start spiralling out of control. -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
In 1588, the Armada sails from Spain up to the north but gets extremely unlucky: they get very bad weather, and the technical power of the English is superior to the Spanish's. The "Invincible Armada" is defeated by the English.
This defeat was for England and Elizabeth I the proof that God was protecting England and their Queen. This victory earns Elizabeth her other nickname "Gloriana".
Such a military success cements and unites the country against the common enemy which is the Catholics. -
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Reign of James I
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Conference of Hampton Court
In 1604, James I summons the Conference of the Hampton Court. To sort out the requests of the puritans, James I organises a confrontation between the puritans and the bishops. The debates are aimed at finding a compromise between the two sides. The conference lasts three days, at the end of which only a few points raised by the puritans find their way into the revised canon. -
The Gunpowder Plot
In 1605, a group of catholic Englishmen, led by Robert Catesby, tries to blow up the King and Parliament. The plot fails because the powder brought by the river was wet and couldn't be lit. On the night of the 4-5 november, Guy Fawkes is caught in the cellar where the explosives were stocked. -
The King James Bible
During the Conference of the Hampton Court, the puritans asked for the official Bishop's Bible (1568) to be replaced by the Geneva Bible, which they consider to be the better translation. As James I can not accept the Geneva Bible, because the bishops would be furious about it, he asks for a new translation. -
The Mayflower
Because neither the authorised James Bible, nor the Conference were really sufficient to appease the tensions in the 17th century, some puritans emigrated to Amsterdam in 1608.
Then, in 1620, the Mayflower sails to America. The two leading members of that particular puritan community, William Bradford and William Brewster, set with their community of a coast called Cape Cod Bay. They are the first settlers and Pilgrim fathers. -
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Reign of Charles I
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Period: to
The Eleven Years Tyranny
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Period: to
The Long Parliament
Charles I is forced to summon a new Parliament to find funds for the Bishop War. Everything changes with this Long Parliament. Because 3000 protestants in Ulster, Ireland, are slaughtered by the Irish catholics. The Catholics of the north of Ireland rebel in 1640, worried that Charles is going to accept the demands of Parliament, and this will lead to a new religious reform, which means that Catholics will no longer be tolerated. Because of this slaughter, the Parliament becomes more radical. -
The Grand Remonstrances
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Period: to
The First Civil War