The English Reformation Timeline

The English Reformation

Period: Jan 1, 1509 to Dec 31, 1603

Marriage to Catherine of Aragon

Jun 11, 1509

-Catherine of Aragon was born December 16th, 1485 in Spain.
-Henery the Eighth married Catherine of Aragon after his father died; they had a joint cornoation on June 24th, 1509.
-Catherine bore a stilborn, then a son that died after 52 days, a miscarriage, a son that soon died and enventually in 1516 Mary was born.
- She was 23 when she married Henry (who was 18)
-Catherine and Henry ended their marriage which required Herny to step away from the church.

Coronation of Henry VIII

Jun 24, 1509

• inherited the throne after the death of his brother Arthur in 1502
• young (~18), athletic, handsome
• took place in Westminster Abbey

Biography of Henry VIII

Jun 24, 1509

Henry was born in Grenwich, England of June 28, 1491. He was the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. His elder brother died in 1502, allowing him to ascend in 1509. When he was young, he was athletic and intelligent. He spoke English, Spanish, French, and Latin. He was also very religious; he apparently heard three masses per day. He was very fond of hunting. He would tire eight to ten horses each time he went out. He loved writing, music, and art. He was a great patron of arts.

Birth of Mary Tudor

Feb 18, 1516

• father: Henry VIII

- mother: Catherine of Aragon -

Marriage of Anne Boleyn

Jan 25, 1533

-Historians are uncertian about Anne Boleyns' actual birthday.
-Although she was born in Norfolk, she ended up in France attending to Queens.
-There were many rumours of her being ugly, with a potential sixth finger. She was simply just different as she had dark skin and large brown eyes.
-King Henry most likely sought Anne to be his mistress, as she was found to have many love affairs.
-She bore Elizabeth, followed by miscarriages.
-Anne Boleyn was accused of adultery and beheaded.

Annullment: Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII

May 23, 1533

• Annullment of marriage with Catherine of Aragon by Parliament
• Henry VIII wanted to divorce her because there were rumors that she could no longer give birth to children (a problem since Henry VIII wanted heirs)

Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Curch

Jun 1, 1533

Henry VIII needed a male heir to succeed him. His first wife could not produce a male hier for him, and she was now in her forties. He wanted to divorce her and marry Anne Boleyn. The Pope did not allow him to divorce her. He tried, but couldn't get a divorce. To get around it, he created his own Church of England, declared himself head of it, and got the divorce.

Birth of Elizabeth I

Sep 7, 1533

• father: Henry VIII
• mother: Anne Boleyn

First Act of Supremacy

Nov 17, 1534

This Act named the the king head of the Curch of England, essentially seperating it from Rome and the Pope's control. This allowed, and was intended to, get an annulment for Heny VIII and Catherine of Aragon's marriage.

Death of Catherine of Aragon

Jan 7, 1536

Catherine of Aragon died, likely of cancer, in iscolation at Kimbolton Castle. She died and was buried not under the title of Queen. Henry did not go to her funeral, and he did not allow Mary to go, either. He and Anne were purported to have worn yellow during the mourning period, not black as was customary. This was seen by some a s a sign of celeberation at Catherine's death.

Annullment: Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII

May 17, 1536

• Anne Boleyn didn't sire Henry VIII a male heir
• annulled her
• had her executed on charges of adultery

Excecution of Anne Boleyn

May 19, 1536

Anne Boleyn was excecuted on chrage of treason and adultery. She was beheaded in the Tower of London by an expert swordman Henry brought in from France. She maintained her innocence until her death.

Marriage to Jane Seymour

May 30, 1536

-In the Feburary of 1536 King Henry had lost intrest in Anne and began to favour Jane.
-People wonder how Jane felt about being the new apple of Henry's eyes. Was she scared? Or calm?
-Henry treated Jane like a queen because he believed her to be his "true wife" and that she would deliever his son.
-Her first preganceny bore a healthy boy named Edward who was later christened.
-She died two weeks after Edward's christening as she was extremely weak from the birth of the boy.

Birth of Edward VI

Oct 12, 1537

• father: Henry VIII
• mother: Jane Seymour

Death of Jane Seymour

Oct 24, 1537

Jane Seymour died after giving birth to Henry's only male hier, Edward VI. She supposedly spent two nights and three days in labor. She died shortly after, probably of infection. She was the only one of Henry's wives to have been given a Queen's burial.

Marriage to Anne of Cleves

Jan 6, 1540

-Waited to marry for two years after Jane, most likely to respect her and express his love through mourning.
-He married Anne to gain an alliance as England appeared vunerable after leaving the church.
-From the marriage in Janurary Henry was already trying to get rid of Anne as she did have musical or literature skills and was not attractive in Henry's eyes.
-The marriage ended peacefully as she knew that she could not top Henry. He gave her land and the Hever Castle
-She wanted to remarry him

Divorced: Anne of Cleves and Henry VIII

Jul 9, 1540

• quite simply, Henry VIII only remairred on the advice of his chancellor and so never really liked Anne of Cleves that much
• there was also speculation about her cheating on him with her brother

Marriage of Kathryn Howard

Jul 28, 1540

-When Henry and Kathryn were wed, she was 19 and Henry was 39.
-She was cousin to Anne Boleyn and brought up in Norfolk.
-It is believed that her uncle pushed her to interact with with the King, presumably to help his power,
-He was married to Kathryn sixteen days after the death of Anne of Cleves.
-Henry loved the enrgy and young womenly spirit that Kathryn held.
-She was caught flirting wtih other men and was accused of adultery, after two years of marriage she was executed.

Execution of Catherine Howard

Feb 13, 1542

Catherine Howard was executed in the Tower of London for crimes of treason and adultery. She was supposed to have called her punishment "worthy and just" before her beheading.

Marriage to Katherine Parr

Jul 12, 1543

-Katherine was named after Henry's first wife Catherine by incident.
-Katherine was widowed two times before marrying Henry by the age of 31.
-She originally wanted to marry Thomas Seymour however, King Henry proposed and she felt it her dut to accept it.
-She was a key figure in the fight for religion (contraversial) Katherine was also a patron of the arts.
-King Henry died so she married Thomas and gave birth to her first child at 36 and died from labour.

Henry VIII Dies

Jan 28, 1547

No exact causes have been put to his death, however the biggest factors include his weight, disease, and simply old age (he was 56)

Coronation of Edward VI

Jan 28, 1547

• became king at nine years of age
• he was educated very well including philosophy, geometry, and music
• Edward VI wasn't supposed to rule so early, but the court forced otherwise
• he knew how to speak English, Spanish, French, and Italian
• he died of tuberculosis on July 6th, 1553; 15 years old

Katherine Parr Dies

Sep 5, 1548

Ctherine Parr dies in chidbirth, but the child survives.

Coronation of Mary Tudor

Jan 1, 1553

-She married King Phillip Second from Spain; he did not have much power.
-Mary announced a false pregnancy shortly after her marriage.
-Mary returned the Kingdom to Roman Catholism, in the process she executed the Protestants.
-She burnt 300 Protestants at the stake giving her name
"Bloody Mary"
-She hated Anne Boleyn and everything to do with her

Edward VI Dies

Jul 6, 1553

Edward VI died at age 15 at Greenwich palace of what was likely tubercolosis. He fought with the disease since January, recovering at times, and then lapsing back into sickness.

Death of Anne of Cleves

Jul 16, 1557

Anne of Cleves died of what was likely cancer an Chelsea old Manor. She was Buried in Westminster Abbey.

Death of Mary I

Nov 17, 1558

Mary I died of an unknown sickness after a five year reign. She was succeeded by Elizabth I, her half sister.

Cornation of Elizabeth

Nov 17, 1558

-She never married and gained the title 'Virgin Queen" although there were plenty of suitors.
-Elizabeth ended the legislation put in place by Mary, ridding the kingdom of Catholism.
-Under her lead England defeated the Spanish Armada and explored the New World.
-She almost died of smallpox in 1562, but prevailed with a few facial scars
-She lived to a shocking 70 years of age
-Overall she was an excellent leader.

Second Act of Supremacy

Jan 17, 1559

The First Act of Supremacy was repealed by the Catholic Mary during her reign, and so Elizabeth reinstated in in 1559. This replaced the Frist Act of Supremacy.

Death of Elizabeth I

Mar 24, 1603

Elizabeth I died of a sickness after falling into a depression due to news of the death of some of her friends. She named no heir, but the unofficial successor was James I of Scotland. He ascended to the throne after 44 years of Elizabethian rule.