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Structuralism
The German philosopher and physiologist, Wilhelm Wundt, would originally be considered as the founder of structuralism in 1897 at Leipzig, Germany. However, his British psychologist student, Edward B Titchener, took Wundt's theory in deeper depth later creating structuralism. Structuralism: Describing thoughts, experiences and items in a detailed and organized way. An example would be someone describing several different apples saying it's weight, color, and size in a very detailed way. -
Functionalism
During the 19th century the American philosopher and psychologist, William James, became the founder of functionalism. The interesting thing is that James himself was influenced by the evolutionary theory of Charles Dawn, so with that he created functionalism.
Functionalism: choosing the way to adapt, or for the mind the purpose is to help the people to survive in the real world
An example would be a prisons being created to protect society from dangerous individuals. -
Psychoanalysis
In the 1900 the Austrian physician and neurologist, Sigmund Freud, introduced psychoanalysis to the world in Vienna, Austria. Later allowing Freud to have his own museum in Vienna all about his life story and establishments.
Psychoanalysis: Experiences from our past that causes our actions in the present life.
An example would be the usage of therapies for those who be affected in their past and can't continue on without forgetting about those traumatizing events that occurred in their life. -
Behaviorism
In 1897 Ivan Pavlov published the results of one of his experiment which demonstrated the usage of behaviorism. However in 1913 in Columbia University the American Psychologist, John B Watson took a step further launching the behavioral school of psychology.
Behaviorism: an observable behavior study seeing how human reacts to stimuli.
An example would be parenting. For instance if a child behaves good their parents would rewarded. On the other hand if they behave badly they'll get punished. -
Psychoanalytic Child Psychology
The Austrian-British psychoanalyst, Melanie Klein, established psychoanalytic child psychology by being influenced by Sigmund Freud's work too. However what makes her unique and different from Freud is the fact that Klein was the first one to use psychoanalysis on children by actually working directly with children and toddlers. Allowing her at the end to have a further look in child development. -
Humanistic Psychology
In 1957 in Detroit, Chicago both the American Psychologist, Carl R Rogers and Abraham H Maslow introduced humanistic psychology through their views and opinions of what psychoanalysis was with having a closer look Sigmund Freud's work.
Humanistic Psychology: people making choices depending on how they are
An example would be a healthy person making healthy choices in life due to the supportive family they got. With the support of their parents they're allowed to achieve their goals in life. -
Cultural Diversity
The Puerto Rican psychiatrist, Ena Vazquez-Nuttall, was the one who first founded the first doctoral program in Massachusetts-Amherst. Also, Vazquez-Nuttall is a very important woman because for many years she held school psychology programs. In 1970, she developed the importance of cultural diversity writing journals about the relationship between cultural and a child's development. -
Racial Identity
In 1977 the American Psychologist, administrator, and educator, Beverly Daniel Tatum, did multiple experiments and wrote plenty of books on the topic of race. For example her work in the book called, "Why Are All Black Kids Sitting Together In The Cafeteria?" Tatum is important woman because she explained the development of how racial identity started to show off in communities. Plus, she actually did worked with both colored and white family to get actual data on her experiment. -
Gestalt Psychology
In the 20th century the Austro-Hungarian psychologist, Max Wertheimer, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler established the Gestalt Psychology in Frankfurt, Germany.
Gestalt Psychology: main focused is perception on the way how you view things.
An example would be looking through a flip book. When going through it the images start to move creating the movement of motion go on by itself. -
Child Development
During the 20th century the Swiss psychologist and genetic epistemologist, Jean Piaget, developed a theory in which illustrated how children developed throughout their whole cycle of childhood from babies to teenage.
Child Development: a chart with predictable stages which states how a child should be developing due to the age they have.
An example would be that at the age of 1 month a baby should be sleeping a lot, at their 3rd month they should start to babble, and so on.