Progression of medicine throughout the 19th century By mollycath Jun 9, 1800 Humphrey Davy discovered the anaesthetic properties of laughing gas Jun 9, 1803 Thomas Percival wrote first book on medical behaviour Jun 9, 1816 Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope Jun 9, 1822 William Beaumont studied digestive system through a hole in stomach Jun 9, 1823 First issue of 'The Lancet' produced Jun 9, 1826 Joseph Lister invented the multi lense microscope Jun 9, 1832 The British medical association was formed Jun 9, 1834 Pierre Louis argued that it was what was happening inside the body which was the important thing for doctors to look at Jun 9, 1836 Jan Purkinje set up first university department in physiology Jun 9, 1839 Theodor Schwann realised that animal matter was made of cells, not humours Jun 9, 1842 Crawford W Long used ether whilst operating on neck tumor but never published Jun 9, 1842 Edwin Chadwick argued that poverty caused disease Jun 9, 1845 Horace Wells failed to demonstrate that laughing gas would allow painless surgery Jun 9, 1846 Dr J C Warren removed a neck tumor using ether Jun 9, 1846 Robert Liston removed the leg of a patient using ether - first use in Britain Jun 9, 1847 Carl Ludwig invented the kymograph used to measure the pulse Jun 9, 1847 James Simpson discovered chloroform Jun 9, 1847 Ignaz Semmelweiss cut death rate in maternity ward by making doctors wash their hands in calcium chloride solution Jun 9, 1848 First public health act, board of health and medical health officers for towns Jun 9, 1853 Improvements in hospital hygiene, mainly due to Florence Nightingale Jun 9, 1854 Florence Nightingale improved standards of hospital cleanliness and nursing care Jun 9, 1865 Louis pasteur discovered that germs caused disease Jun 9, 1865 Joseph Lister cut death rate from 46% to 15% by cleaning instruments, soaking bandages and spraying surgery with carbolic acid Jun 9, 1870 Henry Gray wrote 'Gray's anatomy' with illustrations and people owned at home Jun 9, 1870 Pupils were taught anatomy in school Jun 9, 1875 Public Health act forced slum clearance, provision of sewers and clean water Jun 9, 1878 Robert Koch discovered which bacteria caused septicaemia Jun 9, 1879 Charled Chamberland found that weakened bacteria cells provided an inoculation to that disease Jun 9, 1881 Louis Pasteur developed inoculation to anthrax Jun 9, 1882 Robert Koch discovered which bacteria caused TB Jun 9, 1883 Robert Koch discovered which bacteria caused cholera Jun 9, 1884 Charles Chamberland found organisms even smaller than bacteria (viruses) Jun 9, 1884 Carl Koller discovered local anaesthetic properties of cocaine Jun 9, 1885 Louis Pasteur developed inoculation for rabies Jun 9, 1888 Louis Pasteur became a research scientist Jun 9, 1890 Aseptic surgery Jun 9, 1895 Willhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays Jun 9, 1899 Patrick Manson discovered that the vector for elephantisis is mosquitoes Jun 9, 1900 Willem Einnthoven invented electrocardiograph used to measue heart activity Jun 9, 1900 Docotrs held respected position in society Jun 9, 1901 Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups Jun 9, 1902 Starling and Bayliss discovered the first hormone Jun 9, 1906 Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin developed the BCG injection against TB Jun 9, 1906 Free school meals to poor children Jun 9, 1907 Schhol medical examinations made compulsory Jun 9, 1908 Pensions introduced Jun 9, 1911 National insurance for workers who fell ill was introduced Jun 9, 1911 Only 495 women in medical register in Britain Jun 9, 1912 Casimir Funk discovered vitamins and realised that some disease was caused by bad diet Jun 9, 1913 Richard Lewisohn discovered that sodium citrate stopped blodd clotting Jun 9, 1913 Emil von Behring developed the anti-toxin against diphtheria Jun 9, 1914 Paul Ehrlich found magic bullets for malaria and sleeping sickness but the most important was Salvarsan 606 for siphilis Jun 9, 1938 National Blood Transfusion Service set up
