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The Bubonic plague devestated Europe's population during the dark ages. It created fear and panic amoung citizens and severely depleted the workforce.
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The Renaissance was an intellectual and artistic movement. Hummanism was created and religion was beginning to lose it's foothold on society.
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Prince Henry led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal. First, his navigators discovered and claimed the Madeira and Azores islands to the west and southwest of Portugal
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By the 1400s, Portugal is strong enough to expand into Muslim North Africa, and they seize the coastal city of Ceuta in 1415. Their victory inspires Prince Henry, later known as Henry the Navigator, to organize voyages along the western coast of Africa.
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His printing press was the way of news in that time. It has inspired the news papers and the technolagy of today
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Leonardo was a amazing sculpter and painter. He is most famous for his mona lisa painting.
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On October 12th 1492 Christopher Columbus landed in theCaribbean’s. After a long journey across the Atlantic Ocean he landed in what he thought was India but later on found out it was not india but is know know as America.
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Begining in 1493, Columbus brought nearly 1,200 settlers and a variety of European animals and plants. Europeans found new foods and transported them back to the Old World
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Spain and Portugal press rival claims to the lands Columbus explores, and in 1493 Pope Alexander VI steps in to keep the peace. He sets a Line of Demarcation, which divides the non-European world into two zones. Spain has trading and exploration rights in all lands west of the line, while Portugal has the same rights east of the line.
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King John II was unhappy with the pope’s placement of the line. He believed that it favored Spain. So he demanded that the Spanish rulers meet with him to change the pope’s decision. In June 1494, the two countries agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas/
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Although Spain continues to claim land in South America, a large region remains outside its empire. In the Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal claims Brazil and issues grants of land to Portuguese nobles. European settlers move to Brazil to farm brazilwood and sugar.
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This is one of the most popular and most detailed painting from this time.
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Hoping to find a northwest passage to Asia, explorer John Cabot sets out on a voyage from England. When he lands on the east coast of North America, he claims the land in the name of King Henry VII, mistakenly believing he is in Asia.
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Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches India after rounding the southern tip of Africa. Although the Portuguese lose half their ships and many sailors die on the voyage, the venture is highly profitable and he returns with a cargo of spices. His voyage shows Portugal can access Asian markets directly, instead of through indirect overland routes.
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In 1519, Hernan Cortes began an inland trek with 600 men, 16 horses, and a few cannons toward the Aztec capital,Tenochtitlan. Finally in 1521, Cortes and his Indian allies captured and demolished Tenochtitlan.
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After Columbus’s first voyage, many explorers went to sea. Italian sailor
Amerigo Vespucci set out in 1501 to find a sea route to Asia. Vespucci realized that the land he saw on this voyage was not Asia. A German mapmaker was impressed by Vespucci’s account of the lands, so he named the continent “America” after him. -
Forced into painting by the Pope, Michelangelo painted 9 scenes from the old testament onto the ceiling and walls of the Sistine Chapel.
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Published after Machiavelli's death for fear of contraversey.
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Martin Luther’s three treatises to the German people in 1520
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In 1520 Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of a church in Germany to complain about the problems of the Church. Alot of people agreed with Martin Luther.
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Luther appears at the Diet before Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, to to answer charges of heresy.
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Luther’s publication of the New Testament into common German was a watershed moment for the Reformation in Europe. He was followed by William Tyndale’s work on the New Testament in 1526 and by a host of other common-man translations in other countries.
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While at the Wartburg castle, Luther works on a translation of the Bible into German
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publishes a translation of the New Testament in English.
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Henry VIII’s institution of the Church of England and his positioning of himself as the head of the Church was the beginning of a long and checkered history of Reformation in England.
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In their edict of expulsion, issued on March 31, 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella announced their "decision to banish all Jews forever from the precincts of Our realm." Ordered, on pain of death, to leave within four months, the Jews were permitted to take their personal belongings, except for gold, silver, coined money, or jewels.
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The commercial revolution was the opening of direct links with Asia, Africa, and the Americas that had far-reaching economic consequences for Europeans and all their colonies. Inflation rapidly increased because of the sharp increase in money available.
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John Calvin’s systematic theology The Institutes of the Christian Religion formed the basis for the adoption of Reformed theology in Europe and America.
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The Catholic mob violence against the Huguenots that lasted for several months claimed the lives of thousands of French Protestants.
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This innovative act of tolerance formed the basis for the modern-day secular society of freedom of religion.
