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Land bridges where a theory. Their theory was that africans followed the coast line for food, they travelled from Russia to Asia and that it happened to the very tip of the ice age.
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The Aboriginal population goes down because of diseases and wars. They had a change of their territory. they where migrated. The Europeans and the Natives had positive and negative influences on each other.
- Europeans learned: how to survive winter, how to eat
- Natives learned: shown weapons, foods, suffered from disease that the Europeans brought and from alcohol because their bodies weren't used to it. -
Explored the Gulf of St-Laurence. Thought that their was gold, but it ended up being fish, timber and furs.
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He sailed up the St. Lawrence until he reached Stadacona ( now called Quebec ). Met the native who where nice and and taught the Europeans how to survive the harsh winters and scurvy. The Europeans didn't return the nice behaviour and returned "home" with native captives.
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Europeans tried to set up a colony but they where unsuccessful. The missionaries tried to convert natives. France lost interest for 60 years
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60 years after Cartier's 3 voyages the king of France wanted to set up a new world colony again. So he 1st sent a voyage to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. But this failed because the position as it was too far for the natives to travel.
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Champlain returned in 1608 to 1609 to create a trading post near Stadacona (Quebec) Located at the point where the river narrows. That would be called New France.
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To farm this new colony, they had to divide the land, which was then called the seigniorial system. The king would give pieces of land to rich French men. It happened from 1 end of the St-Lawrence river to the other. 1st in Quebec, then Trois-Rivere, then Montreal.Their way of life was extremely rustic with only small towns
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He was put in charge by the king of France to try and immigrate people to New France. Soldiers where offered free land if they agreed to stay in New France after their service was done. Files du roi where quickly married. If you married at a young age you got money. If your a father of a girl who is unmarried you payed fines.Boys over the age of 21 paid fines to increase the population.
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Orphan Girls
From the streets of France
They were QUICKLY married -
Nobility/Elite (GOVERNOR)
Middle class/Bourgeoisie (SEIGNEURS)
Peasants/Habitant (CENSITAIRES) -
1791 - Came up with ways to encourage immigration
1812 - law to stop American immigration in Upper Canada
1840 - colonial land and emigration commision and permanent immigration office in London
They had advertisements to encourage immigration -
Canadian First Nations owned or traded in slaves.Black slaves lived in the British regions of Canada.
The Imperial Act of 1790 assured prospective immigrants that their slaves would remain their property.Loyalist slaves were held in small numbers and were employed as domestic servants, farm hands, and skilled artisans. -
The English population of Quebec had a sudden increase (1%-10%)
They settle according to townships
Loyalist came to Canada and settled in the Maritimes
Loyalist also came to Quebec and settled West of Montreal The way they lived on the boat were difficult and disease spread.
Cholera epidemic is one of the diseases.
They would quarantine you at Grosse-ile.
Grosse-ile is where people had to stay to make sire they where healthy or until they where healthy. -
Emigration to the forest regions of Quebec : Outaouais, Temiscamigue and Western Canada.
Emigration to the United States was high since their where more opportunities opened in the States. -
French-Canadian remains the majority due to their high birth rate
Territorial groupment of different ethnic groups in cities -
It was the creation of these new communities (Côte-Nord, Abitibi, Gaspésie, The Laurentians)
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Indigenous people where designated land to live on that was reserved for them.
People call it the Reserve -
Immigration matters
Land grants
Handing over of land to rail companies to settle the west
Waves of immigration following the economic crises, wars...
Discriminatory immigration policies until the end of the Second World War
Since 1945, diversification of immigration. -
Rural exodus --- leaving the country to go to the city
Reversal of urban and rural populations -
The spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city
Like houses and shopping centers -
Pluriculturality which means multicultural Concepts: POPULATION, pluriculturality, migration, growth, identity, belonging, society
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Huge hydro dam
Recognition of the treaty rights and the Peace of the Braves -
Lack of employment in the agricultural sector
Brain drain is when your most educated and skilled workers leave to seek better opportunities
