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Evil spirits
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Used herbs and plants as medicine
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-Digitalis (heart)
-Quinine (kills parasites in blood stream)
-Belladonna and atropine (cure breathing problems)
-Morphine (pain medicine) -
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Egyptians were the earliest people to keep accurate health records
They called upon gods to heal people
The priests acted upon physicians to heal the people -
First to use acupuncture therapies, learned to treat a variety of diseases with stone tools.
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They depended on sacred temples to heal people, they also determined illness was natural rather than spiritual. Dissections weren’t allowed to be performed due to it being against there religion. Hippocrates wrote standard of ethics, which is the basis for medical ethics used today.
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The Roman’s first discovered medical care and sent equipment and Roman physicians to heal soldiers. Hospitals were first developed through people being hospitalized in others homes, sanitation was used by physicians wearing masks with spices that they believed kept them away form sickness and infection.
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The church believed life and death was in the hands of god and they had no interest in the way the body functioned.
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They treated diseases with primarily prayer or treated with herbal mixes.
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Millions of people died, biggest plague killed over 60 million people called the Black Death, and multiple other diseases that killed others.
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-universities expanded with more research for diseases and finding medicines
-dissection was finally accepted, people started studying body’s
-books were printed for better knowledge -
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Studied and recorded anatomy of the body
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Discovered the fallopius tubes of the female body
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Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat
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Used his knowledge to learn physiology and described the blood circulation and pumping of the heart.
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Invented the microscope, he established theres life smaller than the eye can see.
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These were early pharmacies, they flourished trade with trading drugs and spices from the east.
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He discovered bifocals (glasses), and colds can be passed from person to person. https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/benjamin-franklin -
Students attended lectures in the classroom but also observed patients at bedside. The dissected and observed diseased and discovered why illnesses arosed.
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Discovered the element oxygen, also discovered plants refresh air and makes it useful for respiration. -
Discovered a vaccination for smallpox, saved millions from this disease. -
Invented the stethoscope, made an ability to hear the hart and decide if diseases were present.
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Identified the cause of child bed fever, many women died after giving child birth from this. A cause to child bed fever was physicians didn’t wash there hands after going room to room delivering baby's.
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She was a dedicated nurse that made nursing a respectable profession, she put all of her time into taking care and treating patients and she was determined to finding better sanitary ways to construct hospitals better. -
He discovered that tiny microorganisms are everywhere. He also discovered microorganisms cause diseases and heating milk prevented growth of bacteria. -
He discovered some diseases are caused by microorganisms that can’t be seen by a microscope and are called viruses.
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Microorganisms cause infection, he used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection.he was the first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery which prevented infection in the incision. -
Developed asepsis, figured out germs cause infections in wounds.
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He discovered disease-causing organisms, developed a method to identify pathogens and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. -
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. His ideas brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease, he also found a treatment that cured syphilis. -
Discovered x-rays, allowed doctors to see the inside of the body and discover what was wrong with the patient.
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Before anesthesia was discovered physicians used herbs and alcohols to stop pain but many died from pain. Later on they discovered nitrous oxide was used for safe and more comfortable treatment.
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Found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria, one of the most important discoveries of twentieth century. -
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. Also the mind and body work together, started the basis of psychology
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds, these compounds were the first effective in killing bacteria. This changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly diseases.
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He discovered a dead polio virus caused people to have immunity to poliomyelitis. The virus killed thousands and attacked active and athletic people. -
He used a live polio virus vaccine and is used today to immunize baby’s from the disease.
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Discovered the molecular structure of DNA, and explained how DNA is replicated and how DNA is passed on.
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Performed the first successful heart transplant
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Continues to separate Siamese twins and performs hemispherectomies surgeries in the brain to stop seizures.
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Every year people are finding new approaches to medical care. There are many new ways of wellness and learning of self care being taught to people. Nurses are treating people in their own homes, people are having surgery’s and going home the same day. Health care providers are now using electronic communication for patients to see their medical information online. Patients are now able to have quicker access to their health records.
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-The ability to reattach body parts
- The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient
- The elimination of disabling diseases through genetic research
- Advancement in caring for the unborn fetus
- the ability to use noninvasive techniques for diagnosis