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Socrates was an Athenian Philosopher whose questions
and opinions clashed with the current course of Athenian
politics and society. One of the greatest paradoxes that helped his students explore was whether weakness of will – doing wrong when you genuinely knew what was right – truly existed. Hence, the development of personal ethics is mastering what he called “the art of measurement,” correcting the distortions that skew one’s analyses of benefit and cost -
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Plato ranks among the greatest philosophers of the world and is viewed by many scholars as the most important Philosopher of Western civilization. Ethics is referred to as a concern to act rightly and live a good life. Plato’s main concern is to challenge the views most people have about goodness. Most people think that virtue is a minor good or even an impediment to living a happy life. Plato considers this to be incorrect; it is only by being virtuous that we can hope to be happy.
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In Arabic Philosophy, he was known simply as “The First
Teacher” in the West, he was “The Philosopher.” The ethics of Aristotle is concerned with action, not as being right in itself irrespective of any other consideration but with actions conducive to man’s good. Aristotle argued that virtues are good habits that we acquire, which regulate our emotions. Aristotle’s “The Golden Mean Principle” states that to be happy, live a life of moderation. In everything that we do, we must avoid extremes -
Thomas Hobbes believes that human beings are
selfish creatures who would do anything to improve
their position. According to Hobbes, people would act on their
evil impulses if left alone for themselves, therefore, they should not be trusted to make decisions on their own. Hobbes’ moral positivism anticipates the chaotic outcome if laws are not abided by. We all believe that the purpose of the government is to protect the rights of its people, preserve justice and enforce the laws. -
The word utilitarian is derived from the Latin words
utile Bonum or utilize which means usefulness. The theory argues
that what makes an act right is its consequences and not the
motive of the action. The effects or consequences determine
the goodness or badness of an action. The principle of Utilitarianism is used in Cost-Benefit Analysis, for example, more benefit, less cost, is a good action. It can also be used in the resolution of Labor-Management conflicts.