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In 1050, Big Ben was built.
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In 1300, the Renaissance began. This was a time of rebirth for architecture, literature, and learning. It started due to black death.
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Black death was a deadly disease between the years of 1347 and 1750. This plague came to Europe when ships full of sailors docked at the Silician Port of Messina. The ships had journeyed through the black sea, causing most of the sailors to be dead or badly ill.
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The Italian Renaissance began in the 1350's, and ended in the 1550's. It was the rebirth of art and learning. Italians believed that people could make a difference and could change the world for the better.
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Henry The Navigator was born on March 4, 1394 in Porto, Portugal.
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By the 1400's, most educated people knew that the world was round.
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In the 1400's, Europe's scientific knowledge expanded because of better maps, charts, and new technology.
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In 1419, Henry the Navigator set up a research center and explored the world. They found three islands and in which they located sugarcane.
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In 1420, Portugal began mapping Africa's coastline and trading with Africa's kingdoms.
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John Cabot was born in 1450.
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Bartolomeu Dias was born in 1450 in Lisbom, Portugal.
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In 1451, Christopher Columbus was born. He grew up wanting to spread Christianity.
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On April 15, 1452, Leonardo Da Vinci was born. As he grew older, he became interested in engineering, mechanics, botany, astronomy, and geology. He was also very intrigued by how objects flew. This led him to designing airplanes and parachutes.
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Vasco Da Gama was born in 1460.
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Henry the Navigator died on November 13, 1460.
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In 1461, Dias mapped the Southern tip of Africa.
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The Spanish Inqusition lasted from 1478 to 1834. It was a judicial institution that was established to combat heresy in Spain.
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Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483.
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The Columbian Exchange began in 1492. It was a time of trading goods between different countries.
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In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue. He left in search of a new route to Asia, but instead he found America. This led to the spread of culture, people, ideas, religions, and diseases.
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In 1497, England sent a ship, commanded by John Cabot, to search for a northern route to Asia.
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John Cabot died in 1499.
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The Age of Exploration lasted from 1500 to 1700. It was a time when Europe excelled in making dscoveries. Also, they sailed on many explorations which led to the spread of European culture.
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Bartolomeu Dias died on May 24, 1500.
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Christopher Columbus died on May 20, 1506.
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In 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on the door of the WIttenburg Church. Luther's 95 theses were quickly published and distributed throughout Germany due to the newl invented printing press.
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The Reformation lasted from 1517 to 1648. It began due to Martin Luther' 95 Theses. This was a time of reforming Europe. There were multiple people who contributed. Some of these reformers were Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII.
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Leonardo Da Vinci died in Clos Luce, France, on May 2, 1519
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In 1519, Magellan left Spain to sail around the Americas and Asia.
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Vasco Da Gama died on December 24, 1524.
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The Council of Trent was a church council that held metings from the 1540's to the 1560's. They worked to make catholic beliefs clear.
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The scientific revolution occured from 1543 to 1800. It was a time of increasng amounts of science. Mathemtics, astronomy, biology, and physics transformed the citizens views on society and nature.
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Martin Luther died on February 18, 1546.
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The Elizabethan Age lasted from 1558 to 1603.This was the time period when Gloriana Elizabeth ruled England. She was a very successful monarch.
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In 1632, The Roman Catholic Church condemned the ideas of the italian scientist, Galileo Galilei.
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The age of Enlightenment lasted from 1650 to 1800. This was a time that include new ideas about politcs and French philosophers were recognized. They believed that reason could change society.
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In 1753, Henry Cort found a way to use coal to turn iron ore into pure iron.
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In the lte 1700's, Edmund Cartwright created a new powerd loom.
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In the late 1700's, James Hargreaves invented a spinny jenny.
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In the late 1700's, Richard Arkwright developed a way to power a spinning machine with water.
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Napolean was born in Corsica in 1769.
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In 1769, James Watt designed a steam engine that coould power the new machines.
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Te American Revolution lasted from 1775 to 1783. This was a war for independence. It was fought between American colonies and Britain.
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In 1780, romanticism began in the arts.
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Napolean became commander of the French armies in Italy in 1796.
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In 1799, Napolean took part in a Coup d' Etat.
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In 1799, Napolean became the first consul of France.
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During the 1800's, women worked to change their position and to find new roles.
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In 1803, the United States bought the Louisiana Territory.
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In 1804, Napolean crowned himself emporer of the French.
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In 1805, Napolean defeated the Austrians and Russians at Austerlitz.
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In 1806, Napolean defeated the Prussians at Jen and Auerstedt.
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During the 1800's, women began to demand equal rights with men.
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In 1807, Robert Fulton developed a boat powered by a steam engine.
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In 1812, Napoleans' army invaded Russia, but it was forced to retreat back to France.
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Napoleans' army was defeated at Leipzig.
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During the 1800's, people began to look for ways to understand issues and to solve the problems that industry had created.
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In 1821, Napolean died in St. Helena.
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In 1821, Mexico gained their independence.
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In 1832, the British middle class men gaine the right to vote.
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In the 1840's, Chartists demanded the vote for all men and for the use of secret ballots.
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In 1848, Karl Marx wrote "Communist Manifesto."
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In 1848, revolutions swept across Europe. They began in France.
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By the mid-1800's, steam-powered locomotives carried raw materials, finished goods, and people faster and cheaper than any other kind of transportation.
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In 1856, Henry Bessemer invented an inexpensive way to make large amounts of iron into steel.
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In 1859, Charles Darwin presented his theory of evolution.
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In the 1800's, the Industrial Revolution brought changes in many areas of life.
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In 1867, Hungary became a separate kingsom linked to Austria.
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In 1868, William Gladstone became prime minister.
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In 1870, impressionism began in France.
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Beginning in the 1870's, impressionists were especially interested in the effect of light on different outdoor objects and surfaces.
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In 1870, Napolean III declared war on Prussia.
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In 1871, Germany was united.
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In 1875, France became a republic once again.
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In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
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By the mid-1800's, a movement called realism took hold.