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The first popular operating system is called Unix. It became popular because it was easy to obtain, and most importan open source, that meant it was modifiable and completely free.
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In this period, computers where simply mainframes, without an operating system. They were made of large cabinets that housed their central processing unit and the main memory.
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Small computers for the home became more popular. The Xerox star was the first computer to ever use a Graphical User Interface based operating system, and Apple took inspiration from it. A lot of commands and terms we use today are from the Xerox.
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First computer with a gui that was commercialy viable and had a mouse input system.
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Modern operative systems are very easy to use, and often support modern technology like touch screens, but as you can see from some details, they are just a very improved version of the first ones.
