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Old Kingdom
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Pharaohs were gods the Egyptians believed. First Pharaoh was Menes.
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Nobles are below the Pharaohs in society. Nobles are rich powerful families. Farmers, Peasants, and Slaves made up 80% of the population.
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Egyptians believed that the afterlife was a happy place. Ka left the body of the after the death and is the life force.
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Method also called embalming to preserve bodies and to keep them from decaying. Mummies are specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth. Elite are people of wealth and power which is also the people that got mummy find.
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Pyramids are huge, stone tombs with four triangle-shaped sides that met in a point on top. Engineering is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Ex: Used mud to make the pyramids stay connected so they don't fall apart. The slaves were pay with grain.
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The Egyptians would want the Pharaoh to stay safe so they were gave good things. The Egyptians would use spells to keep the Pharaoh safe.
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Middle Kingdom began after a period of no Pharaoh.
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For 160 years local nobles ruled much of Egypt. Had no central ruler
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Around 2050 BC, a powerful Pharaoh defeated his rivals. All of Egypt was united again. Middle Kingdom is a period of order and stability that lasted to about 1750 BC.
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Asians called Hyksos invaded Lower Egypt with horses, chariots, and advanced weapons. Hyksos ruled the region as Pharaohs for 200 years.
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Egyptians fought back. Ahmose of Thebes declared himself King and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt. Ahmose then ruled all of Egypt.
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The New Kingdom is a period of power and glory.
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Empire took over Hyksos, Syria, and Kush (South of Egypt). From Euphrates River to Kush.
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Sinai Peninsula had turquoise and copper.
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1200 BC Ramses fougers Hittites and Nile River. Egyptians foug and thittitest sea people and survived.
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1000 BC Egypt fell into period of violence where it would never return.