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Italian Campaign (green)
In the Italian campaign, the French Revolutionary Army invaded Italy. Among the leaders in the Italian campaign was Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon successfully pushed off a coalition of European allies. He defeated Austria as well as other Italian states and held off the British. Most of Italy was conquered in the name of France by 1799. Napoleon made new republics. The campaigns ended February 9, 1801. -
Egyptian Campaign (red)
Napoleon targeted Egypt and Syria in a campaign aimed to defend the trade interests of France, seek alliances, and weaken Britain’s trade with India. Instead, the campaign ended in a large defeat for Napoleon that he kept secret from the French people at first. -
Consul for Life (green)
Napoleon became first consul, giving him control over the consulate. He appointed officials and helped with laws. However, the title also gave him immense power. Much reform was done during this time. Napoleon would become emperor not long after. -
Consulate
In 1799, Napoleon set up a three man governing board called the Consulate. Napoleon called himself First Consul. They wrote another constitution. It was split in 1804. -
Banque de France (green)
The bank of France founded during Napoleons time, it was initially a private bank for state debt. It keeps the accounts for the French government and some public companies. -
Concordat of 1801 (green)
It was an agreement between Napoleon and the papal and clerical representatives from Paris and Rome. It defined the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France. Churches were redistributed, and bishops given salaries. -
Declared Self Emperor
Napoleon crowned himself emperor after being console of life two years earlier. Napoleon invited the pope to crown him, only to take the crown away from him to show power. He became emperor because he saw kings as too common. -
Napoleonic Code (yellow)
The Napoleonic Code was a set of laws with many lasting reforms. It gave equal rights to citizens before the law, religious freedom, and abolished feudalism. However, it also took many rights away from women and gave men authority over the household again. -
Battle of Trafalgar (Red)
The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement that was part of the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought near Spain. Admiral Pierre de Villanueve led 18 French ships at 15 Spanish ships against 27 British ships led by Admiral Horatio Nelson. The British won. This battle helped establish British naval supremacy for years to come and was a lost for Napoleon. -
Abolished Holy Roman Empire (green)
After being defeated by Napoleon at Austerlitz, an already weak Holy Roman Empire crumpled. Francis II abdicated his title, and other states were created, including the Confederation of the Rhine, now controlled by France. This outcome was good for France. -
Continental System (yellow)
Napoleon attempted to close off British commerce. He prohibited them to trade with any French-owned countries. Britain then started to check every neutral ship, starting naval war. -
Resistance in Spain
After Napoleon changed the rule of Spain, Napoleon tried to undermine the Catholic Church. Many people in Spain remained loyal to their old king and attacked. The French brutally put them down, causing more nationalism and guerrilla warfare. They caused the French to eventually retreat when the troops were chased out and needed elsewhere. -
Invasion of Russia (red)
Napoleon invaded his former ally, Tsar Alexander I. Napoleon went into Russia with 500,000 and made it near Moscow. However, Napoleon could not supply his army through the winter and had to retreat. Fewer than 20,000 soldiers made it home after the rough retreat. -
Battle of Nations at Leipzig (red)
Napoleon led an army of about 185,000 French and other troops against a coalition force of 320,000 in Germany. These forces included Russian, Austrian, Prussian, and Swedish, among others. The French were surrounded in Leipzig. While the allies lost more men, this retreat marked the end of the French Empire expanding west of the Rhine river. The battle lasted three days. -
Abdication (red)
With losses against his enemies and political support diminishing some, Napoleon’s was forced him to abdicate and sent him to Elba. Commanders from his own army encouraged this abdication. His enemy countries sent him to Alba later. -
Hundred Days (red)
Hundred Days was the time Napoleon ruled during his second time as ruler. After being exiled from Elba, Napoleon returned to France with much support from the people. However, after his surrender he would be exiled once more after only 100 days. -
Waterloo (red)
Napoleon fought his final battle in Waterloo, Belgium. The Seventh Coalition Napoleon down, ending the Napoleonic Wars. After this battle, Napoleon was soon exiled a second time to Saint Helena, never to return.
