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Napoleon was chosen to lead French troops into Italy. There, the French defeated the Austrians, who ruled Italy at that time. As a result of this victory, France acquired Belgium from Austria. France also acquired hundreds of art treasures from Italy, which were placed in the Louvre, the French national museum.
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Napoleon sailed for Egypt, where British forces were stationed. He won a great land victory there, but the British fleet destroyed the French fleet. Nevertheless, the French succeeded in establishing their influence in Egypt. Another important outcome of the French campaign was that soldiers accompanying Napoleon discovered the Rosetta Stone.
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They put their plan into effect and met with success. Napoleon set up a new government called the Consulate. He placed himself at its head and took the title of First Consul.
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Napoleon led French forces to victory over Austria.
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Napoleon arranged a peace treat with Great Britain.
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Napoleon asked the people to elect him First Consul for life. The French made Napoleon emperor of France. The Pope came from Rome for the crowning but did not have a chance to place the crown on Napoleon.
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Great Britain, threatened by Napoleon's actions, diclared war on France. Great Britain and its allies, however, were not able to stop Napoleon and his soldiers.
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The French made Napoleon emperor of France. His coronation was held in the Notre Dame Cothedral. The Pope came from Rome for the crowning but did not have a chance to place the crown on Napoleon's head. Instead, Napoleon took the crown from the Pope's hads and crowned himself.
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Napolean had himself crowned king of Italy.
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Napoleon formed the Confederation of the dRhine, Which consisted of a groupof conquered German states.
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Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal
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Napoleon made the Papal States part of France. Frence's boundaries now included much of Europe.
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Only Great Britain and Russia remained undefeated by Napoleon. Since the French could not degeat the British navy, Napoleon tried to obtain victory in a different way. He forbade the countries in his empire to trade with Great Britain, which he called a "nation of chopkeepers."
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Napoleon reached Moscow, which had been abandoned by the Russians. Shortly after the French arrived, the city caught fire and three fourths of it was distroyed. The French army now had neither food nor shelter.
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Hundreds of thousands of French soldiers froze to death as temperatures fell to 40 degrees below zero. Thousands more died from disease and lack of food. In the end, fewer time the four countries had joined together to fight Napoleon.
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Napoleon then decided to take on Russia. He organized a Grand Army of about 600,000 soldiers of different nationalities. It was the largest army the world had yet seen. The Grand Army invaded Russia. As the Russians retreated, they burned their villages and food supplies, leaving nothing for the advancing French.
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Napoleon quickly raised another army, but the new soldiers were not well trained. They were defeated by the allied forces of Austrea, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain. This was the first time the four countries had joined together ti fight Napoleon.
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The allies took Paris, and Napoleon was forced to adbicate, or give up the throne. He was sent into exile to the small island of Elba off the coast of Italu. He managed to escape, however, and gathered together enough troops to invade France. For 100 days, Napoleon again reigned as emperor.
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The allies, under the British leadershipof the Duke of Wellingtion, finally defeated him at the Battle of Waterloo.
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This time, Napoleon was sent to the island of St. Helena off the west coast of Africa, where he died.
