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Gutenberg's press was the combined effort of several discoveries and inventions. The printing press was built around the traditional screw press, a precursor to today's drill press, with an added matrix on which individually-cast letters and symbols could be arranged to form the desired text. -
Leonardo da Vinci listen was a Florentine polymath of the Italian Renaissance. He was at once a painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, botanist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet, and urban planner. After spending his childhood in his hometown, Leonardo studied with the Florentine painter Andrea de Verrocchio. The first important works of his were created in Milan in the service of Duke Ludovico Sforza. He then worked in Rome, Bologna, and Venice.
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The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a siege which had begun on 6 April. -
Reyes Católicos was the name given to the spouses Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon , sovereigns of the Crown of Castile (1474-1504) and of the Crown of Aragon (1479-1516), whose dynastic union marked the beginning of the territorial formation of the kingdom of Spain . Likewise, Isabel and Fernando were the first monarchs of Castile and Aragon to be called " Kings of Spain "
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was an Italian Renaissance architect, sculptor, painter and poet, considered one of the greatest artists in history both for his sculptures as for his paintings and architectural work. He developed his artistic work over more than seventy years between Florence and Rome, which was where his greats lived patrons, the Medici family of Florence and the different Roman popes.
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In the 15th Century, Christopher Columbus conceives the idea of getting to The Maluku Islands (the trade center of spices). He decides to take a short cut used by the Portuguese sailors, but his King, John the II of Portugal refuses. Columbus offers the project to the Catholic Monarchs in 1486, starting the pilgrimage that will lead him to his goal. -
The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the "New World" into land, resources, and people claimed by Spain and Portugal. The red vertical line cutting through eastern Brazil represents the divide. The treaty worked out well for the Spanish and Portuguese empires, but less so for the 50 million people already living in established communities in the Americas. -
By birth, she was an Infanta of Castile and Aragon. From a young age, she showed signs of religious indifference that her mother tried to keep secret. In 1496, she married her third cousin Philip the Fair , Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, and Count of Flanders. She had six children with him.
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Juan Calvino , baptized with the name of Jehan Cauvin, Latinized as Calvinus ( Noyon , July 10 , 1509 - canton of Geneva , May 27 , 1564 ), was a French theologian and philosopher , considered one of the authors and managers of the Protestant Reformation
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The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences was a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg which was controlled by the Electorate of Saxony. -
Carlos I of Spain and V of Germany, also known as "the Emperor" or "Cesar", was born in Ghent on February 24, 1500. He was the son of Felipe I el Hermoso and Juana I of Castile and grandson of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg and Maria of Burgundy and of the Catholic Monarchs. With this shaker of dynastic relations, Carlos gathered an important territorial inheritance that made him become the most important sovereign of Christianity.
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In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. -
The Council of Trent was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church developed in discontinuous periods during twenty-five sessions between the years 1545 and 1563. It took place in Trento, a city in the north of present-day Italy, which was then a free imperial city governed by a prince-bishop
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He was the son and heir of Carlos I of Spain and Isabel of Portugal, brother of María de Austria and Juana de Austria, paternal grandson of Juana I of Castilla and Felipe I of Castilla, and of Manuel I of Portugal and María de Aragón by maternal route; He died on September 13, 1598 at the age of seventy-one, in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, for which he was brought from Madrid in a chair-lounger.
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He was the son of Philip II and Anne of Austria (1549-1580). On April 18, 1599, he married Archduchess Margarita of Austria-Styria , daughter of Archduke Charles II of Styria and María Ana de Baviera , and therefore granddaughter of Felipe's paternal great-uncle, in the Cathedral of Santa María in Valencia .
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Known as Diego Velázquez , was a Spanish Baroque painter considered one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting and a master of art. universal paint . He spent his early years in Seville, where he developed a naturalistic style of dark lighting , influenced by Caravaggio and his followers.
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The successful first years of his reign augured the restoration of the universal supremacy of the Habsburgs, but the constant warfare of Protestant Europe and Catholic France against Spain led to the decline and ruin of the Spanish Monarchy, which had to cede hegemony in Europe.
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Son and heir of Felipe IV and Mariana of Austria , he remained under his mother's regency until he came of age in 1675. Although his nickname came from the attribution of his pitiful physical state to witchcraft and diabolical influences, he is It is probable that the successive consanguineous marriages
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The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1715. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters, among them Spain, Austria, France, the Dutch Republic, Savoy and Great Britain. -
The French Revolution was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while the values and institutions it created remain central to French political discourse.
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