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Ruins of empires challenged by reformist groups, military officers take over in alliance with nationalist forces. (early 1920s)
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Mustafa Kemal did so by creating a part and ensuring it won elections.
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Republicanism, statism, nationalism, populism, secularism, reform. Mustafa Kemal.
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Opened way for 1954 Brit agreement for final withdrawal + Sudan independence 1956. Brought Nasser to power!
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Part of economic development in Egypt. During Suez invasion nationalised foreign property. 5 year plan 1960-5, more nationalisation.
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Caused by Algerian revolts in 1954, French freed these two. Algeria only free 1962.
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Egypt and Syria, only lasted till 61. Helped expand Syrias economy by exports for brief period.