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The sack of 455 was the third of four ancient sacks of Rome; it was conducted by the Vandals, who were then at war with the usurping Western Roman Emperor Petronius Maximus. -
Clovis I was king of the Franks and ruler of much of Gaul from 481 to 511, a key period during the transformation of the Roman Empire into Europe. His dynasty, the Merovingians, survived for more than 200 years. Though he was not the first Frankish king, he was the kingdom's political and religious founder. -
Benedict of Nursia is a Catholic saint venerated in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion and Old Catholic Churches. He is a patron saint of Europe. -
It was an important battle during the Umayyad invasion of Gaul. This battle was highly significant for Christian Europeans, If the Muslims had won, western Europe might have become part of the Muslim Empire, Charles Martel's victory at Tours made him a Christian hero. -
He was an English Benedictine monk at the monastery of St. Peter and its companion monastery of St. Paul in the Kingdom of Northumbria of the Angles. -
Officials sent by some Frankish kings and emperors to supervise provincial administration. This institution was established by Charles the Great. To prevent the abuse and the imbalance of state and ecclesiastical authority, the inspections have always carried out two missi dominici. -
The Massacre of Verden was an event during the Saxon Wars where the Frankish king Charlemagne ordered the death of 4,500 Saxons in October 782. -
Lindisfarne, also known as Holy Island, was one of the first landing sites of the Vikings. Monasteries were places where monks lived and worshipped. Most people respected the monks and gave them money and gifts for their monasteries; however, the Vikings committed terrible violence against the Monks at Lindisfarne. -
In 813, Charlemagne crowned his son Louis the Pious (778-840), king of Aquitaine, as co-emperor. Louis became sole emperor when Charlemagne died in January 814, ending his reign of more than four decades. In the ensuing decades, his empire was divided up among his heirs, and by the late 800s, it had dissolved. -
Alfred the Great was king of the West Saxons from 871 to c. 886 and king of the Anglo-Saxons from c. 886 to 899. Alfred made good laws and believed education was important. He had books translated from Latin into English, so people could read them. -
He was a Persian polymath who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Around 820 CE he was appointed as the astronomer and head of the library of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. -
He was a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine. He also wrote on logic, astronomy and grammar. -
The Battle of Hastings was fought for the crown of England between William, Duke of Normandy and the recently enthroned Harold Godwineson. The battle changed the entire course of not just English, but European history.
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It is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. -
He was an Arab physician, surgeon, and poet. He was born at Seville in medieval Andalusia, was a contemporary of Averroes and Ibn Tufail, and was the most well-regarded physician of his era. -
Sundiata Keita was the first ruler of the Mali Empire in the 13th century C.E. He laid the foundation for a powerful and wealthy African empire and proclaimed the first charter of human rights, the Manden Charter. -
Magna Carta, which means 'The Great Charter', is one of the most important documents in history as it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law, even the king, and guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial. -
Genghis Khan, was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. -
Was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. Marco Polo remained abroad for 24 years. Though not the first European to explore China—his father and uncle, among others, had already been there—he became famous for his travels thanks to a popular book he co-authored while languishing in a Genoese prison. -
Was a French physician and surgeon who wrote a lengthy and influential treatise on surgery in Latin, titled Chirurgia Magna. -
Musa was a devout Muslim, and his pilgrimage to Mecca made him well known across northern Africa and the Middle East. ... Musa not only gave to the cities he passed on the way to Mecca, including Cairo and Medina, but also traded gold for souvenirs. It was reported that he built a mosque every Friday. -
In 1345 Jani Beg again besieged Kaffa; however, his assault was again unsuccessful due to an outbreak of the Black Plague among his troops. It is thought that Jani Beg's army catapulted infected corpses into Kaffa in an attempt to use the Black Death to weaken the defenders. -
Christine was a poet and author at the court of King Charles VI of France and several French dukes. Venetian by birth, Christine served as a court writer in medieval France after the death of her husband. -
Geoffrey Chaucer was an English poet and author. Widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages, he is best known for The Canterbury Tales. He has been called the "father of English literature", or, alternatively, the "father of English poetry" -
She is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a saint. She was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée, a peasant family, at Domrémy in the Vosges of northeast France.
