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Austrian-American Karl Landsteiner describes blood compatibility and rejection (i.e., what happens when a person receives a blood transfusion from another human of either compatible or incompatible blood type), developing the ABO system of blood typing. This system classifies the bloods of human beings into A, B, AB, and O groups. Landsteiner receives the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for this discovery
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Alois Alzheimer identifies the first case of what becomes known as Alzheimer's disease
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Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins suggests the existence of vitamins and concludes they are essential to health. Receives the 1929 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
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First successful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique
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Paul Ehrlich develops a chemotherapeutic cure for sleeping sickness
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Victor Horsley and R. Clarke invents the stereotactic method
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Hans Christian Jacobaeus performs the first laparoscopy on humans
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Julius Wagner-Jauregg discovers the malarial fever shock therapy for general paresis of the insane
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Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets
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Frederick Banting and Charles Best discover insulin – important for the treatment of diabetes
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Fidel Pagés pioneers epidural anesthesia
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First vaccine for Diphtheria
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First vaccine for Pertussis
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First vaccine for Tuberculosis
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First vaccine for Tetanus
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Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
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Hans Berger discovers human electroencephalography
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Gerhard Domagk develops a chemotherapeutic cure for streptococcus
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Manfred Sakel discovers insulin shock therapy
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First vaccine for Yellow Fever
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Ladislas J. Meduna discovers metrazol shock therapy
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Ladislas J. Meduna discovers metrazol shock therapy
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Willem J Kolff build the first dialysis machine