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1300 BCE
Eyeglasses
No one is sure who invented the eyeglasses, but it was popular in Italy. In the Middle Ages the eyeglasses were made with two convex lenses, rims made of either bone or metal, and the rims were secured by a ricer at the central point. Lastly, they are usually positioned before hand or secured on either side of the nose. -
1065 BCE
Cleaning Wounds
Back during the Middle Ages ancient medical writers believed that when performing surgery some pus should stay in wounds, they were thinking that the aid in it is healing. -
805 BCE
Hospitals
In the Middles ages hospitals were being introduced during this time and were meant for care for the poor and provide lodgings. -
754 BCE
Pharmacies
The very first pharmacy was established in Bagndad. Then the pharmacies seemed to be more popular and around the Arabic world more drug stores were being opened. Having the pharmacies helped the development of knowledge about many drugs and how they are made. -
Period: 500 BCE to 1500
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages started around CE 500 and ended around CE 1500. Throughout these years, science and reason began to replace human beings beliefs in spiritual or superstitious causes for illnesses. -
1200
Ophthalmology and optics
During the Middle Ages ancient writers thought that the human eye could see through invisible beams of light that were being emanated from the eyes. A scientist Ibn al-Haytham wrote book called Book of Optics, and was considered the most important research in this field for hundreds of years. -
Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Renaissance
During the Renaissance the medical practice had many changes. In the 15th century there was a inventions of printing press that publishes more books faster. Which information for new discoveries were spread faster. Another invention was the microscope, which made it possible for doctors to make more accurate data of a patients and symptoms. -
1305
Hygiene
Hygiene was not very important and understood. People who actually bathed was rare and products were being wasted. Children died before the age of 5, and adult like expectancy was only 40. -
1340
The Black Death
The Black Death killed about a quarter of the Europe's population. It seemed to be God's punishment for the cause of flea-infested rats who were spreading the disease. -
1436
Printing Press
The printing press was invented by a man named Johannes Gutenberg. This helped with the writing of books. After the printing press came out books became a lot cheaper because before the printing press they had to be hand written. -
William Harvey
William Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood within the human body. He explained that blood flowed in only one direction through the body and the lungs where the transformation of venous blood to arterial blood took place. -
Microscope
The microscope allowed the human eye to see things that they wouldn't be able to see with the naked eye. Then later the microscope went big on discovering bacteria. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
During the Industrial Revolution there was major changes like the introduction of machines, economic changes, and progress with medicine Another this the microscope could now see things like blood cells, bacteria, etc. -
Smallpox and Cowpox
Smallpox has similar symptoms like the flu but way worse. People would develop a rash, that smelled terrible, and pus-filled blisters. Cowpox is not a deadly virus but cause fevers and sores, but luckily people can recover faster with cowpox. Edward Jenner who experimented cowpox for many years. He realized that there was two forms of the disease, and that only one of them could help build an immunity against smallpox -
Stethoscope
The stethoscope was invented by a man named Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec. While he was examining a female patient, he was embarrassed to place his head on her chest. -
Prosthetic leg by Benjamin Franklin
The invention of the artificial leg. Before, the artificial leg there was peg legs, the artificial leg allows for more comfortable and normal movement. People with the artificial leg could compete in athletic events. -
Louis Pasteur
He was "scientist", yet he wasn't a doctor nor a medical scientist. He latter proved that there was connections between germs, decay, and diseases. Pasteur's discoveries led him the medical science field where he soon discovered a vaccine for Cholera. -
The X-Ray
Wilhelm Conrad was the first person to discover the X-Ray. In order for him to discover this he had to be in a dark room covered in discharged tube. -
Period: to
Modern World
In the Modern Times it was an extreme growth in healthcare. Many discoveries in electronics and computers science were a major changes in clinical medicine. -
Frederick Hopkins
An Enlgish biochemist, discovered vitamins and suggested that vitamin deficiencies were the cause of scurvy and rickets. -
Antibiotics
"the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London." -
Cardiac Pacemaker
"The first cardiac pacemaker was invented by a Canadian electrical engineer, John Hopps, who was researching the effects of radio frequency heating on hypothermia in 1941.1 He found that if the heart stopped beating when its temperature dropped, that it could be restarted artificially, using mechanical or electrical." -
Joseph Murray
Doctor Murray carried out the first human kidney transplant, which involved identical twins. -
CT Scanner
Godfrey Hounsfieild of EMI Laboratories was the first to invent the CT. The original systems were dedicated to head imaging only, but "whole body" systems with larger patient openings became available in 1976. -
Period: to
21st Century
In the 21st Century there is going to be a rapid growth in science and technology and throughout this time. During this time there will be many changes and challenges. -
Jean-Michel Dubernrd
"A French transplant specialist, carried out a partial face transplant on a woman whose face became disfigured as a result of a dog attack. In 2010 Spanish doctors carried out a full-face transplant to a man who had been in a shooting accident." -
William C. Campbell, Satoshi Omura, and Youyou Tu
"They shared one-half of the prize for their discoveries of a new drug, Avermectin, that was highly effective against a spectrum of parasitic worm infections. The derivatives of this compound are currently being used to eradicate and prevent the transmission of River Blindness and Lymphatic Filariasis." -
Gene Editing
"Genome editing, or genome engineering, or gene editing, is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism." -
Cancer "vaccine"
"January 2018, researchers at Stanford University announced in a press release that there were recruiting lymphoma patients in clinical trial to test a potential cancer vaccine. The news came after the researchers successfully eliminated tumors in mice. -
Jerome Hamon
"Jerome became the first person in the whole world to receive two face transplants. He suffers from neurofibromatosis type 1, and generic disorder that made disfiguring tumors to grow on his face He had initially underwent a face transplant before, but his body started to reject the new face in 2016." -
Stroke Intervention
'When it comes to stroke intervention, a timely response is critical. Prolonged lack of blood flow following a stroke can cause irreversible destruction, often resulting in disability."
