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X-rays were discovered in 1895
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Alois Alzheimer identifies the first case of what becomes known as Alzheimer's disease.
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Karl Landsteiner discovers the existence of different human blood types.
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Willem Einthoven discovers electrocardiography.
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Archibald Garrod discovers that some diseases are caused by genes and therefore inherited.
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William Bateson and Reginald Punnet first map a gene to a chromosome.
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First successful vaccine for diphtheria discovered
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Frederick Banting and Charles Best discover insulin.
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P. Descombey develops a tetanus toxoid vaccine, which is widely used in World War II to prevent tetanus caused by battle wounds.
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Hans Berger discovers human electroencephalography
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The first vaccine for yellow fever is developed.
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American physician John Heysham Gibbon builds the first heart-lung machine
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Swedish cardiologist Inge Edler is the first to use ultrasound to diagnose heart disease, beginning the era of clinical echocardiography.
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Canadian physician Thomas Chang invents synthetic blood.
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Swedish scientist Rune Elmqvist invents the implantable cardiac pacemaker.
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Chinese scientist Min Chueh Chang performs the first in vitro fertilization. (Test tube baby)
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The first successful total hip replacement is performed by British surgeon John Charnley.
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Paul Winchell is the first to invent and patent a mechanical artificial heart.
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American physician and researcher Thomas Starzl performs the first human liver transplant.
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Surgeon Bruce Reitz performs the first successful heart-lung transplant; it also is the first time a lung is transplanted.
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The first brain surgery is performed using a computerized robotic arm, invented by medical researcher Yik San Kwoh.
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Ophthalmologist Patricia Bath invents laser cataract surgery.
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French surgeon Jean-Michel Dubernard performs the first partial face transplant.
