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The idea of a place to treat injured people with special equipment.
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The first pharmacy was established in Baghdad in the year 754.
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The Arabs were the great translators and synthesizers of medical texts. Many Greek texts were translated first into Arabic and then into Hebrew.
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By the twelfth century, there were medical schools throughout Europe. The most famous was the school of Salerno in southern Italy, reputedly founded by a Christian, an Arab, and a Jew.
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In 1231 Frederick II promulgated a set of laws concerning medical education standards and licensure that were far ahead of his time.
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before the 1450s, medicine was largely based on theories. There was little research into what medical practices and cures actually worked.
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He was the first doctor to have suggested that human diseases may be caused by pathogens. He further stated that these pathogens came from outside the body and could be passed from one human to the other through direct and indirect contact.
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He wrote a book known as “De Humaini Corporis Fabrica”. This book became a very important book ever written on the human anatomy. He dissected corpses and examined them after which he detailed the human anatomy.
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European travels to America and Asia led to the arrival of new ingredients for medicines. Rhubarb from Asia was widely used to purge the bowels. The bark of the cinchona tree was imported from South America because of its effectiveness in treating fevers.
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After the black death many survivors decided to go to school and many became doctors and brought back early ideas of medicine.
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Poor water supplies in the 18th century meant that disease could spread through cities easily.
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Wilhelm Conrad had a major in physics and was the first person to discover the X-Ray.
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Edward Jenner was a scientist that experimented with cowpox for several years. He discovered that there were two forms of the disease and that only one could help the human body build an immunity against smallpox.
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Typhoid is a disease that inflames the intestines and is spread through contact with the infection.
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Dr. William DeVries implants the Jarvik-7 artificial heart into patient Barney Clark. Clark lives 112 days.
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First successful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique
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Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins suggests the existence of vitamins and concludes they are essential to health. Receives the 1929 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
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Paul Zoll develops the first cardiac pacemaker to control irregular heartbeat.
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Firstvaccine for measles.
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W.H.O. (World Health Organization) announces smallpox is eradicated.
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First draft of human genome is announced; the finalized version is released three years later.
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A "mini-liver"—the size of a small coin—is generated from human cord blood stem cells by doctors at Newcastle University, U.K.
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Scientists discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells.
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The FDA approves the first human clinical trials in the United States for a wearable artificial kidney designed by Blood Purification Technologies Inc.
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In March, DNA from an extinct woolly mammoth is spliced into that of an elephant. Scientists then successfully use the "revived" DNA to sequence the mammoth's complete genome.
