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Nicholas Copernicus was the first to believe that Mars was a planet.
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Galileo Galileo was the first to observe Mars through a telescope.
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The first successful Mars flyby was in 1965 by Mariner 4.
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Mars 2 was the first space probe to land on Mars, but the landing was unsuccessfful and resulted in broken equiptment.
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Mars 3 was the first successful space probe to land on Mars.
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Radar data showed large quantities of water ice at the poles.
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The Mars rover "Spirit" found water molecules in a chemical compound on Mars.
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NASA predicts that a comet will come very close to striking Mars in the future but will not impact the planet.