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War was used to unify Germany
Prussia´s blood-and-iron chancellor, Otto von Bismark, freely used war to unify Germany. -
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Military alliances formed between great powers
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Franco-Prussian War
France had never gotten over the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian war. -
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Germany was a "satisfied power"
Bismarck declared Germany to be a "satisfied power". He then turn his energies to maintain peace in Europe. -
The Dual Alliance was formed
Bismarck formed the Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary. -
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Treaty between Germany and Russia
Bismarck make a treaty with Russia taking away another possible ally away from France. -
The Triple Alliance was formed
Italy joined Germany and Austria-Hungary in their alliance forming the Triple Alliance. -
Kaiser Wilhelm II became ruler of Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II became ruler of Germany -
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end of the treaty between Russia and Germany
Wilhelm let his nation´s treaty with Russia lapse. -
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Germany foreign policy changed dramatically
Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign -
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Military alliance between Russia and France
After Germany broke the treaty with Russia, Russia responded by forming a military alliance with France. -
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Frèdèric Passy Expresed a concern
PRIMARY SOURCE
The entire able-bodied population are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable accident, for the spark to fall in a slash...and blow all Europe ski-high.
FRÉDÉRIC PASSY, quoted in Novel: The Man and His Prizes -
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The Ottoman Empire was in rapid decline
The Ottoman Empire, which included the Balkan region, was in rapid decline. While some Balkan groups struggled to free themselves from the Ottoman Turks, others already had succeeded in breaking away from their Turkish rulers. -
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Two rival camps existed in Europe
On one side was the triple alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. On the other side was the Triple Entente- Great Britain, France and Russia. -
Great Britain formed an Alliance with France
Britain made another entente, this time with France and Russia, making the Triple Entente -
Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina
Austria took over Bosnia and Herzegovina. These were two Balkan areas with large Slavic population. -
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Armies in Europe
All the great powers except Britain had large standing armies. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife visit Sarajevo and were killed.
The heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife paid a state visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. The royal pair was shot by a member of the Black Hand. -
Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum
Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum containing numerous demands. Serbian leaders agreed to most of Austria´s demands. They offered to have several others settled by an international conference. Austria however, was in no mood to negotiate. -
Austria declared war to Serbia
Serbian leaders offered Austria to have several demands that were sent to them, settled by an international conference. Austria rejected Serbia´s offer and declared war. That same day, Russia, an ally of Serbia with its largic Slavic population, took action.
