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He is the founder of Western Philosophy who was convicted for corrupting the minds of the young Athenians. He's best known through Plato’s dialogues, which has a great contribution to the fields of ethics and education. His philosophy explained that virtue could be known, though he himself did not vow to know it. Socrates believed that anyone who knows what virtue is will necessarily act virtuously, so if anyone does something that truly is bad, it must be unwillingly or out of ignorance.
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He is an ancient Greek philosopher who was once a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. Plato is a mathematician from the Socratic period and is best known as the author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence. In ethics, he developed the view that human virtue enables human beings to live good lives. That is to say, happiness (eudaimonia) is the highest desire of moral thought and conduct, and that virtues (aretê: ‘excellence’) are essential characters needed to acquire it.
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Born in the northern part of ancient Greece and is considered as one of the most influential philosophers who made a big contribution to logic, mathematics, ethics, etc. In his philosophy, he did not consider virtues to be simple knowledge as Plato did. He explained it as something that should be expressed in actions with a good purpose to avoid both excess and defect. Thus, it should be gained by acting in accordance with nature and with moderation.
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He's the most influential English philosopher who created the idea of moral positivism, which is a legal philosophy that claims all laws are nothing other than an expression of the will of whatever authority created them. Briefly, laws are a social construction and an expression of power, not an attempt to gain any social goals. From a positivist view, laws are valid not because they are created in natural law, but because they are enacted by legal authority and are accepted by society as such.
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An English philosopher and the chief expounder of utilitarianism, which is defined to be the view that an action can be considered morally right if it produces the most good. Also, it is a form of consequentialism, which states that the right action is understood solely in terms of the consequences it produced. Together with John Stuart Mill, they identified the good with pleasure and ought to maximize it, which means to bring out ‘'the greatest amount of good for the greatest number’'.
