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King John signed Magna Carta
Moved from rule of man to rule of law
Outlined individual rights which king could not violate
Included taxation and trial provisions -
Each charter guaranteed colonists the “rights of Englishmen.”
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Each charter guaranteed colonists the “rights of Englishmen.”
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King Charles required to sign the Petition of Right
Required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before new taxes
Government could not unlawfully imprison people or establish military rule during times of peace -
English Bill of Rights passed
Guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment -
First direct tax on paper goods and legal documents
Stamp Act Congress met to protest the tax and it was repealed -
First direct tax on paper goods and legal documents
Stamp Act Congress met to protest the tax and it was repealed -
British soldiers fired into crowd
5 colonists died -
Revolutionaries dumped British Tea into the harbor
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Colonists were forced to “Quarter,” or house, British troops
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Established a Three-tiered Judicial Structure
1. District courts
2. Circuit courts
3. Supreme Court -
Growth of Mass Media; Federalist paper Gazette of the United States published
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"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
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"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law."
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"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."
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"No person... shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law..."
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Power of judicial review.
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12th amendment allows the President to choose V.P.
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Maryland taxed the national bank.
Court ruled bank was necessary and proper.
Maryland couldn’t tax bank b/c it could weaken the national government.
"The power to tax is the power to destroy." -
Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ
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First national woman's rights convention in the US
Called for equal rights in voting, education, and property -
Dred Scott
Slave who sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state.
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen .
Gave him no legal standing to sue.
Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court.
Reconstruction Through the End of the Century (1865-1899).
Supreme Court during this time narrowly interpreted the 13th-15th amendments. -
Granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges
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Ended Chinese immigration to the US
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gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax
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Native Americans were granted citizenship in 1924
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The 20th amendment is a simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies
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Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons
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The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs)
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The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs)
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Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions
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FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers" (internment camps)
120,000 left their homes and businesses and 80,000 remained in camps until the war was over.
Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld this order. -
The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs.
Freedom of Speech and of the Press
"Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press..."
Free access to a full range of opinions, beliefs, and information is necessary to make thoughtful decisions and participate fully in the democratic process
Citizens must be able to criticize government policies and discuss them without fear of punishment. -
Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens
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Coordinates national security policy.
Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration.
Created in 1947 (Cold War). -
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies, the Eastern Bloc and the Western Bloc, after World War II.
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The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States.
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Government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality.
Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals.
If states didn’t cooperate, they would lose federal funding. -
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested.
Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally. -
Established equal pay for men and women
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Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Literacy tests outlawed with Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Expanded rights of people accused of crimes
“Miranda Rights” -
Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage
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Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
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Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
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Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War
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President must consult with Congress before sending troops.
Congress can force the president to end use of military with a concurrent resolution -
Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1975 prohibited banks, stores, and other businesses from preventing women from getting loans or credit.
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Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 allowed Native American Groups to control federally funded programs in their communities
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Established the rationale for qualified immunity
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Limited police use of lethal force
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Juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable
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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
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Ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms for self-defense
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Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense
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Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment
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Ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage
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Court ruled a ban on immigration from majority-Muslim countries did not violate the Establishment Clause
