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Jan 1, 1350
Petrarch
• Father of Humanism
• Italian scholar and poet
• Referred to pagan literature and philosophy for inspiration
• Criticized medieval thoughts and ideas -
Period: Jan 1, 1400 to
Renaissance
• Originated in Italy and spread through Europe
• Revival of Greek and Roman literature and art techniques
• Huge influence on artists and writers during this period of time -
Jan 1, 1450
Printing Press
• Invented in 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg
• Encouraged people to read, write and become educated
• Improved efficiency in publication of books
• Lowered the pricing of books -
Jan 1, 1532
Pantagruel
• Written by Francois Rabelais
• First book in popular Gargantua Series
• Criticized and banned by Roman Catholic Church for mockery of church values
• Looked down upon and banned by most leaders in authority -
Jan 1, 1543
On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres
• Written by Polish priest and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus
• Criticized the majority's current view on the position of Earth
• Proposed the Heliocentric Theory
• Considered to be provocative of a revolution -
Period: Jan 1, 1579 to
Elizabethian Age
• Decipherable English: use of the terms “madam and mistress”
• Poor writing supplies- quill and ink
• Time of William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Francois Rabelais -
Shakespeare Begins Career
• Referred to as “England’s National Poet”
• Wrote comedies and tragedies
• Composed 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and two poems
• Influential public figure due to large success in literature -
Rose and Globe Theaters are built
• Both theaters built during the 1590s
• Beginning of the performance of plays on a professional level
• Attracted the public, brought in a lot of money
• Most of Shakespeare's plays are performed here -
Period: to
The Faerie Queen
• Written by Edmund Spenser
• Tells of the adventures of a knight
• Total of 6 novels complete the entire piece -
A Counterblaste to Tobacco
• Written by King James I
• Addressedthe controversy concerning the use of tobacco
• Stated that smoking was a violation of the church
• Challenges the morality of smokers by referring to smoking as loathesoome and a vanity -
Starry Messenger & Letters on Sunspots are published
• Written by Galileo Galilei
• Supported Copernicus' ideas
• Discussed Galilei's observations on sunspots and Jupiter's moons
• Influential pieces during the Scientific Revolution -
King James' Bible
• Written by King James
• Translation of the Christian Bible
• Still commonly used in present day -
Leviathan
• Written by Thomas Hobbes
• Expressed opinions through his books
• Influenced by Scientific Revolution and English Civil War
• The necesity of people giving up thier rights to one central power is his main point in writing -
Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy
• Written by Margaret Cavendish
• Strongly supported the movement to allow men and women to be treatead as equals
• Wanted to make her opinion known and gain support -
Theologico-Political Treatise
• Written by Baruch Spinoza
• Naturalistically explains the origins of religion
• Defends the concepts of religion -
Principla Mathematica
• Written by Issac Newton
• Proposed Newton's Laws of Motion
• Comes out in three editions
• Vital to the advancement of sciences -
1st & 2nd Treatises of Government
• Written by John Locke
• Locke's views expressed were under the influence of the scientific revolution
• Based on Locke's personal political therory: Government Serve People -
Spirit of the Laws
• Written by Montesquieu
• Influencial to important people such as Catherine the Great
• Statement of his opinion on politics
• Favored the end of slavery, a constitutional government, and civil liberties -
Candide
• Written by Voltaire
• Represented the views on society during the Enlightenment
• Mainly focused on the connection between the Catholic Church and upper classes that was corrupting society
• Renound piece of literature -
Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
• Written by Adam Smith
• Topic: Economics
• Smith utilizes this book to state his opinions on the free market system and capitalism -
Period: to
Romantic Period
• Period in literature dealing with romanticism
• Most publications during this period were romance novels
• Important to history due to its large effect on the author's prior to its time and during its time -
Principle of Population
• Written by Thomas Malthus
• Describes the correlation between population and food supply
• Heavily influences scientists and writers during and prior to his time such as Charles Darwin on natural selection -
Phenomenology of Spirit
• Written by Georg Hegel
• Aided in the formation of German Philosophy
• One of Hegel's most important books
• Developed his personal philosophy
• Hegel is criticized for the results of the book which include communism -
Pride and Prejudice
• Written by Jane Austen
• Focuses on women's reliance on marrige during the time it was written
• Romantic Novel
• Became widely popular years after the death of Austen -
Principles of Political Economy
• Written by David Ricardo
• Expressed opinion concerning the "Iron of Law Wages"
• Felt the "Iron of Law Wages" was a continuum -
Communist Manifesto
• Joint authorship of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
• Established foundation of politics in the 20th century
• Man's desire is the driving force of human nature -
Inequality of Human Races
• Written by Arthur deGobineau
• Blames western civilization problems on the "degenerization of pure Aryan blood"
• Written in essay form to explain his reasoning and opinion on the western issues -
Foundations of the 19th Century
• Written by Houston Chamberlain
• Publically with the ideas of Hitler
• Disliked Jews
• Anticipated the creation of a superior race -
Interpretation of Dreams
• Written by Sigmund Freud
• Based on his own study of dreams
• Concludes past traumas relate to people's current problems -
Mein Kampf
• Written by Adolf Hitler
• Translated as "my struggle"
• Hitler proposed his plan and dream for Germany and backed up those ideas with his reasoning -
Little House on the Prarie
• Written by Laura Ingalls Wilder
• Part of a three-book series
• Based on her personal experience throughout childhood
• Portrays the reality of being forced to move from place to place by soldiers
