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On this day, Lebanon became truly independent from France. This day is different from November 26, 1941 when they proclaimed that they were independent. It is also different from November 22, 1943, which is the day they celebrate their independence.
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This was important to Lebanon history because when Israel was declared a state, many Palestinian refugees began ariving in Lebanon.
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Fighting breaks out between Palestinian commandos and Lebanese army over Lebanese threats to curb Palestinian activities in Lebanon.
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This was first started when some gunmen tried to assassinate Maronite Christian Phalangist leader Pierre Gamayal right as he was leaving church. In response, Phalangist gunmen ambush a busload of Palestinians, killing 27 passengers. Week-long fights between Palestinian-Muslim forces and Phalangists come after this, beginning Lebanon’s 15-year civil war.
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Lebanon erupts in a civil war between Christians,Muslims,and Palestinians.
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Under the supervision of Israeli forces, Christian militiamen are bused into the two Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila, ostensibly to “mop up” remaining Palestinian fighters. Between 2,000 and 3,000 Palestinian civilians are massacred.
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Rashid Karami was a Sunni Muslim who was asassinated on June 1st in 1987. He was important because he headed a national unity government formed by Amin Gamayal. Also, he was once the prime minister of Lebanon, and was known for his wisdom, courage, firmness, and so much more!
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A period of fifteen years, Syrian troops invade the Baabda residential Palace on the 13 of October 1990 and overthrow the Prime Minister General Michel Aoun, and ends with a revolution of more than one million protesters in Beirut central district, following the assassination of the Lebanese PM Rafik Hariri and the withdrawal of the Syrian troops.
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Syria holds four rounds of parliamentary elections. An anti-Syrian alliance led by Saad al-Hariri, the 35-year-old son of assassinated former prime minister leader Rafik Hariri, won 72 out of 128 seats. Former finance minister Fouad Siniora, who was closely associated with Hariri, eventually becomes prime minister.
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The conflict is believed to have killed around 1,300 Lebanese people, and 165 Israelis. It severely damaged Lebanese civil infrastructure, and displaced approximately one million Lebaneseand 300,000–500,000 Israelis. After the ceasefire, some parts of southern Lebanon remained uninhabitable due to Israeli unexploded cluster bomblets.
