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in 1609 emperor rudolf II promised tolerance to the bohemian protestants,when his cousin Ferdinand came to power he refused to honour Rudolf's promise, the people rebeld aganst this and replaced him with the calvinist Fredrick of Palatinate, he accepted and war was inevitable.
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began in Boheimia, between local Protestants and Catholics, Rapidly evolved into strugles for Political Power from rivals, who were eager to take advantage of the fragmemented empire for their own ambitions, the main battle ground was the empire and the main victims were the Germans.
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with the protestants not Gaining any ground in the war for 12 years and the hapsburg rule growing, the french were ready to join the protestants to undermine the growing hapsburg rule.
the french allied themselves with gustavus adolphus of sweden.
he invaded the empire in the 1630 and struck a decisive victory against the empire, in 1632 he marched on lützen, and athough Adolphus' soldiers won the day he was killed -
the critical blow done by Adolphus nearly shattered hapsburg rule, this gave Protestant princes a chance they had waited for, they began to raise armys and by 1635 Ferdinand ad to make peace with them, he returned all lands confiscated, and granted amnesty tothe Bohemian rebels
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After ferdinand made peace with the German Princes he had larger problems to attend to, France Had finaly Declared war against him. durring the next 13 years the French, Backed by the Swedish, Unleashed Unrestrained Hell apon the Empire, peace Nagotiations began in 1641.
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With the fighting getting out of hand, the diplomats drew up a solution, and nagotations to well over 7 years. the peace terms were thus: france gaind the Provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, and ssweeden gained extensive territores in the holy roman empire, the german princes wer given complet independance and the house of Hapsburg got nothing.
