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San Marino is the last surviving microstate, it is the worlds fifth smallest. It is also the world's oldest surviving Republic. San Marino comes from a stonemason that came and inhabited the city in the year A.D. 301. He lived on the tallest hill in the city and founded a Christian community.
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Internal wars were bad in Italy, but even worse were the foreign invasions that weakened Italy even more. Countries like France, Germany, Turkey, and Spain. Italian infrastructure collapsed during this time, this set the stage for Napoleon to take over years later.
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In the early 16th century, the Ottoman Empire started spreading over the region, reaching South-East Europe. The Spanish king Charles V feared that if Rome fell to the Turks, it would be the end of Christianity in Europe.
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German and Spanish troops sacked Rome, Pope Clement VII captured, thousands killed, 147 of 189 swiss guards were killed.
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From the 16th century to the 18th centry, not much changed in Italy when it comes to war. In 1796 the French army under Napolean invaded Italy. This was a part of the French Revlolution that raveged europe.
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One of the regents in San Marino managed to gain repsect from Napoleon. After San Marino declined an offer for Napoleon to protect their republic, Napoleon decided to exclude them from all taxes on Italy. He even gifted them with 1,000 quintals. For some reason, this gift never arrived. Many things could of happened to it.
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Malta voluntarily becomes part of the British Empire. Under the terms of the 1802 Treaty of Amiens, Britain was supposed to evacuate the island but failed to keep this obligation which eventually led to its collapse and the resumption of war between Britain and France.
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The first council of government under British rule had been held and the locals sometimes suffered poverty.
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In 1861 the San Marino government wrote a letter to Abraham Lincoln proposing an "alliance" between the two democratic nation offering the President citizenship to their state. Lincoln accepted and said that governments founded on republican principles are a good example. They are proof they can fend for themselves and can endure.
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Riots over excessive price of bread led to greater autonomy for the locals during the 1920s.
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Italy Joined the Triple Entete and declared war against the German Empire at the beginning of The World War. After this there was a period of economic decline caused Mussolini to take advantage of Italy and demand the Italian government to give the fascist party political power. This lead to corruption in government caused my Mussolini and the fascist party.
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The Lateran Treaty established the independent state of the Vatican City, granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy, Vatican City became the smallest nation in the world under the jurisdiction of the Pope.
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German troops were trying to gain power throughout Europe, so they invaded Rome, but considered Vatican City neutral territory. Ther Germans didn't occupy the city because the Lateran Treaty of 1929 established the sovereignty of Vatican City.
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On the 2nd of June 1946 Umberto II was in power, a vote was cast and 54% of the Republicans voted yes on becoming a Repbulic. During the 1950s-1950s there was a huge economic boom causing a raise in the standard of living. Industraliation has it's toal though; Italy has ecological disasters, and mass media had a negative effect on Italians.
The picture is a luxurious car in the 1950s that was a sign of high status. -
After World War II, the Malta achieved self-rule, with the Malta Labour Party seeking either full integration with the UK or else there will be independence granted.
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A new Concordat between Vatican City and Italy modified certain provisions of an earlier treaty to make Catholicism the state religion.
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By 1992 there was a huge economic debt, there was also lots of corruption in the government. Citizens demended reform within the government, they ended up electing cebtre-left politicians into power which is still true today.
The picture is of Romano Prodi, the third longest stay in power, and re-elected again years after this title. -
San Marino has a very rugged terrain and is the highest point in Italy. It is 2,457 ft above sea level. It has no natural level ground and it's entirely composed of hilly terrain.
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It has a parliamentary representative democratic republic, This is a system of representative government where the people elect their representitaves in a national legislature. The legislature then elects its own executives from the dominant political party at the time.
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Pope Gregory I used Monastic establishments to spread the church's spiritual rule throughout Europe. This is why the Papal States were created.
